Hostages in Republican Rome - Appendix - Cheryl Walker - 2005

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We want to thank Cheryl Walker for her support.

HOSTAGES IN REPUBLICAN ROME

Prof Cheryl Walker
Brandeis University USA
Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, D.C.
First publication: Center for Hellenic Studies
August, 2005


Version of this Article on the site of the Center for Hellenic Studies


Part 1 - Book
Part 2 - Appendix
Part 3 - Bibliography


Inhaltsverzeichnis

Appendix 1A: Historical and Legendary Hostages, pp. 214-244

The following lists comprise all the references to hostages and hostageship found in the ancient authors who are cited in the bibliography. In the first (Appendix 1.A.) are all historical and legendary/historical cases; they have been arranged in chronological order and assigned a reference number. Besides the basic data of donor and recipient, each incident is classified into one of the four categories: bilateral exaction, formal unilateral exaction between governments, private contract, and extralegal seizure. The vocabulary used of the agreement is then listed, followed by the sources for the episode.1 Because the space on a page is limited, the remaining information on historical and semi-historical exactions is compiled in the second part of this appendix (Appendix 1. B.) which is arranged according to the stage at which it occurred: the period of the actual delivery, the period of detention, and the termination and aftermath of the exaction.

Key to Abbreviations:

*No exaction occurred; proposal rejected or generosity emphasized **Discussed in text; see above, pp. 127-128 XNo information MMale FFemale RRecipient DDonor OOther ADelivery date; see above, pp. 58-59. BMutatio obsidum indicated; see above, pp. 67-72. CTotal period of exaction indicated; see above, pp. 66-67.

Case Number Year From To Type Terminology Source other
1 legendary Hyperboreans Hercules X X Dion. Hal. 1.43.1
2 legendary Athens Crete X X Plut.Theseus 19.5-6
3 legendary Aborigines/Trojans Aborigines/Trojans Exchange συνθῆκαι; ὁμολογία; συνθέμενοι; πίστεις‚ Dion. Hal. 1.59.1-2; 73.2
4 legendary Sabines Rome Extralegal X Plut.Rom. 16.2
5 legendary Caenina Rome X X Dion. Hal. 2.34.1
6 legendary Veii Rome Treaty σπονδαί Dion. Hal. 2.55.5-6; 56.3
Treaty ὁμολογία; φιλία Plut. Rom. 25.4; 27.2
7 legendary Alba Longa Rome X X Dion. Hal. 3.28.6
8 legendary Etruscans Rome Extralegal X Dion. Hal. 3.57.1
9 509 B.C. Roman Army Republicans Extralegal X Dion. 4.83.3
10 508 Rome Porsenna Extralegal X Dion. Hal. 5.31.2
11.1 508 Rome Porsenna Treaty φιλία; ἀνοχά; σπονδαί; σπένδεται; καταλύσει Dion. Hal. 5.31-34
11.2 ὁμολογία; φιλία; πίστεις; διαλλαγείς‚ Plut.Popl. 18-19;Moralia 250
11.3 φίλος‚ Tzetzes, Chil. 6, 201-23 (from Dio 4)
11.4 συνθῆκαι; πίστον Polyaenus 8.31.1
11.5 pax; foedus; fides Silius ItalicusPun. 10.488-501; 13.828.30
11.6 pax; foedus Serv.Comm.'Aen. 8.646-51
11.7 foedus PlinyN.H. 34.13.28-29;39.139
11.8 condiciones pacis; foedus Livy 2.13; 15.6; 9.11.6
11.9 X Dio 45.31.1; Sen.Cons.,Ad.'M'arciam 16.2
11.10 amicitiae foedus Cic.De Off. 1.18.61;Oros. 2.5.3; Florus 1.4.10.3
11.11 X Val. Max. 3.2.2; Verg.Aen. 8.6 46-51; Juv. 8.264-65
11.12 X DeViris Ill. 13
12.1 503 Pometia Rome X X Livy 2.16.9 add 11
12.2 495 Cora & Pometia Rome X X Livy 2.22.2
12.3 Volsci Rome Treaty ἐπιτρέποντες; παρασπονδεῖν; πίστεις‚ Dion. Hal. 6.25.2-3; 30.1
13.1 493 RomanPlebs Roman Patriciate Extralegal X Dion. Hal. 6.53.1; 62.5 add 2
13.2 Roman Patriciate RomanPlebs Private ἀνάδοχοι; ἐνέχυρα Dion. Hal. 6.84.2
14 492 Rome Roman Exiles at Cumae Extralegal ῥύσια Dion. Hal. 7.2.3; 12.2
15 after 492 "Deserter" Aristodemus of Cumae Private X Dion. Hal. 7.10.5-6
16 490 Amyntas of Macedon Darius of Persia Treaty pax Justin 7.3.2
17 488 Coriolanus Rome Extralegal X Dion. Hal. 8.43.4
18 480 Thebes Sparta Extralegal X Herod. 7.222; Plut.Moralia 865
19 479 Asiatic Greeks Xerxes of Persia X X Diod. 11.36.6
20.1 479/8 Themistocles Sparta Private X NeposThem. 7.2 add 1
20.2 Sparta Sparta Themistocles Extralegal X Plut.Them.19.2
21 478 Veii Rome Treaty εἰρήνη; σπένδεται; συνθῆκαι; συγκειμένοις‚ Dion. Hal. 9.17.3 add 1
22 457 Opuntian Locrians Athens X X Thuc. 1.108.3
23 457 Phocians Athens X X Diod. 11.83.3
24 446/5 Chalcis Athens X X Staatsvertrage, II: #155
25.1 441/0 Samians Athens Treaty ἀπέστησαν Thuc. 1.115.3,5; Plut.Per. 25.1-3
25.2 X Diod. 12.27.2-3
26 440/39 Samians Athens Treaty παραστάντων; ὁμολογία Plut.Per. 28.1; Thuc. 1.117.3 add 1
27 412 Athens Syracuse Treaty σπείσασθαι Thuc. 7.83.2; Plut.Nic. 27.2
28 408 Byzantium Athens Treaty συνέθεντο; συνθῆκαι Polyaenus 1.47.2
29 fifth century Satyyrus of Bosporus Tirgatao of Maeotis treaty εἰρήνη; συνέθετο; συνθέμενοι Polyaenus 8.55.1
30 396 Campanian Aetna Syracuse Treaty συμμαχίαι; ἀποστῆναι Diod. 14.61.4-6
31 394 Falerii Rome Extralegal X Front.Strat. 4.4.1
32 394 Falerii Rome Treaty deditio; dicio; pax Livy 5.27.14
33.1 389 Rome Latins Treaty φιλίαι; εἰρήνη Plut.Rom. 29.4-6;Cam. 33.2-7
33.2 Gauls X X Plut.Moralia 313A
33.3 Latins X X MacrobiusSat. 1.11.35-40
34 389/8 Rhegium Syracuse Treaty X Diod. 14.106.2-3; 108.1-3 add 2
35 ca. 383 Amyntas III of Macedon Illyrians X X Diod. 16.2.2,4
36 381 Tusculum Rome Treaty X Dion. Hal. 14.6 (9)
37 379 Charon X Private X Plut.Pel. 9.5-7;Moralia 595
38 369 Alexander II of Macedon Illyrians X X Justin 7.51
39.1 369 Alexander II of Macedon Thebes Treaty pax Justin 7.5.2-3; Plut.Pel. 26.4; Oros. 3.12.2
39.2 συμμαχία Diod. 15.67.4
40 368 Ptolemy of Macedon Thebes Treaty ὁμολογία; φίλος‚ Plut.Pel. 27.3 add 1
39-40 X X X X X Plut.Moralia 178C; Justin 6.9.7
41 362/1 Rheomithras Tachos of Egypt Private X Xen.Cyrop. 8.8.4; Diod.15.92.1
42 361/0 Archytus et al. Plato Private ἀνάδοχος‚ Plut.Dion 18.2; 20.1
43 ca. 357 Latmians Hidrieus X X Polyaenus 7.23.2
44 mid-fourth century - - Treaty - Aeneas Tacticus 1.10.23-25
45 351 Cersobleptes Philip II  ? Treaty X Aesch.Emb. 81
46 350/49 Egyptians Persians X X Diod. 16.48.3
47 334/3 Memnon Darius III Private X Diod. 17.23.5
48 331 Sparta Antipater Treaty X Diod. 17.73.5; Aesch.Ctesipho 133; Plutr. Moralia 235 B-C; Athen. 15.681C
49 329/8 Mardians Alexander III Treaty X Diod. 17.76.8
50 326 Nysa Alexander III Treaty φίλος Plut.Alex. 58.5
51 ca. 326 Indians Alexander II Treaty σπεισάμενος‚ Polyaenus 4.3.30
52 326 S. Italy Alexander of Epirus X X Livy 8.24.5
53 326 Lucanians Samnites Treaty societas Livy 8.27.10
54.1 321 Rome Samnites Treaty Condiciones pacis aequae; foedus; deditio; sponsio; pactio Livy 9.4.3-5.14; 12.9; 14.14-16; 15.3, 7
54.2 foedus; arrabo Gellius 2.19.8, 17.2.21; 21.36
54.3 foedus; pactio Oros. 3.15.5-6
54.4 συνθῆκαι; ὁμολογία; σπονδαί Dio 8.19; Zonar. 7.26
55.5 εἰρήνη; συνθήσομαι AppianSamn. 4.4, 6
55 320 Antigonus Eumenes Private X Plut.Eumenes 10.2-3 add 4
56 319 Cappadocians X X X Plut.Eumenes 12.2
57 319 Ferentani Rome Treaty deditio Livy 9.16.1
58 318/317 Canusini & Teates Rome Treaty deditio Livy 9.20.4; 20.7
59 317 Phocion Athens Private X NeposPhocian 2.4
60 315 Amathusii Seleucus X X Diod. 19.62.6
61 315 Asander of Caria Antigonus Treaty συνθῆκαι; διελύσατο; φίλος‚ Diod. 19.75.1-2
62 312 Nabataean Arabs Demetrius Treaty ὁμολογηθείσας; συνθέσις‚ Diod. 19.98.1
63 308 Agathocles Ophelas Treaty X Polyaenus 5.3.4
64 306 Agathocles Deinocrates Private ὁμολογίαι Diod. 20.79.4
65 X Antigonus Gauls Treaty συνθέμενος‚ Polyaenus 4.6.17
66 305 Rhodes Demetrius Treaty X Diod. 20.82.3
67 304 Rhodes Demetrius Treaty συνέθεντο; διαλύσασθαι; εἰρήνη Diod. 20.99.3; 107.4
68 303 Metapontum Cleonymus Treaty φίλος Diod. 20.104.3; Athen. 13.605D-E
69 299 Nequinian traitors Rome Private X Livy 10.10.3
70.1 298 Lucanians Rome Treaty φιλία; συνθῆκαι;σύμμαχοι Dion. Hal. 17.1-3
70.2 foedus; fides Livy 10.11.13
70.3 X Warmington,ROL 4:2
71 294 Bruttians Agathocles Treaty διαλύσις‚ Diod. 21.8 add 2
72 289 Syracuse Carthage Treaty διαλύσασθαι Diod. 21.18.1
73 286 Demetrius Seleucus Treaty X Plut.Demetrius 48.1
74 285 Antigonus Seleucus Private X Plut.Demetrius 51.2;Moralia 183C
75 281 Tarentum Pyrrhus Extralegal X Zonar. 8.2
76 ca. 280 Gauls Ptolemy Ceraunus Treaty pax, fides Justin 24.5.3
77 273 Antigonus Argos Treaty ὡμολόγει Plut.Pyrrhus 31.2
78 269 Samnites Rome X X Zonar. 8.7
79 263/2 Tyndarus Carthage X X Diod. 23.5
80 243/2 Hecatompylus Carthage Treaty X Diod. 24.10.2
81 241 Carthage Rome Treaty σύμβασις; ὡμολόγηται; συνθέμενος‚ Zonar. 8.17
82  ? 241  ? Sicilians  ? Carthage X X Naevius 7.41-43 (Warmington)
83 241 Mercenaries Carthage Extralegal X Polybius 1.68.3
84  ? 230's Sparta X X X Plut.Moralia 215B
85 225 Achaean League Cleomenes Private X Plut.Cleom. 17.1;Aratus 39.2
86 225 Argos Cleomenes Treaty συμμαχίαι; ἡγεμονία Plut.Cleom. 17.5
87 225/4 Achaean League Antigonus Doson Treaty συμμαχία Plut.Cleom. 19.4;Aratus 38.6; 42.3
88 223/2 Cleomenes Ptolemy III X X Plut.Cleom. 22.3-7; 38
89 ca. 220 Salmatis Hannibal Treaty συνέθεντο; ὡμολόγησαν; συγκείμενα Plut.Moralia 248E-249B; Polyaenus 7.48.1
90 219 Messene Achaean League Treaty (magistrates' agreement) Polybius 4.9.5
91 218 Colophon & Teos Attalus Treaty συνθῆκαι Polybius 5.77.6
92 218 Spain Carthage Extralegal X Livy 21.21.11-13
93.1 218 Boii Rome Treaty ἀπέστησαν..ἐγκαταλιπόντες τοὺς ὁμήρους‚ Polybius 3.40.7, 10; 67.6-7
93.2 fides Livy 21.25.7
93.3 deficere Front.Strat. 1.8.6
94 218 Alpine tribe Hannibal Treaty φιλία; amicitia Polybius 3.52.5-7; Livy 21.34.3-4
95 218 Illergetes Rome Treaty dicio et ius Livy 21.61.5,7
96 217 Spain Rome Treaty dicio et imperium Livy 22.20.11; 21.7
97 217 Spain Hannibal Treaty defectio Polybius 3.98.99; Livy 22.2.4-18; Zonar. 9.1
98 217 Sardinia & Corsica Rome X X Livy 22.31.1
99 217 Pinnes of Ilyria Rome X X Livy 22.33.5
100 217/6 Campania Rome Extralegal X Livy 23.4.8; 7.2; 31.10
101 215 Sardinia Rome Treaty deditio Livy 23.41.6-7
102 215 Rhegium Hannibal Extralegal X Livy 24.1.7-8
103 214 Syracuse Hippocrates & Epicydes Extralegal X Livy 24.31.12-13
104 212 Tarentum & Thurii Rome X defectio Livy 25.7.11-8.3; 15.7
105 210 Blattius Rome Private X AppianHann. 47
106.1 211 Andobales Hasdrubal X X Polybius 9.11.4
106.2 209 Spain Carthage Treaty? συνθῆκαι Polybius 10.8.3; 18.3-15; 20.8; 34; 35.6; 38.1-2.4
106.3 X X AppianHisp. 19, 23; Diod. 26.21; Livy 26.42.3; 43.4; 47.4; 49.1; 51.1; Val. Max. 4.3.1; Eutr. 3.15.3-4
107 208 Arretium Rome X X Livy 27.24.1-5 add 2
108.1 206 Illergetes Rome Treaty deditio Livy 28.34.7-10
108.2 amicitia Eutr. 3.17
109 206 Masinissa Scipio Private X Livy 28.35.4 add 1
110 205 Spain Rome Treaty pax Livy 29.3.5; AppianHisp. 38
111.1 203 Carthage Rome Treaty συνθῆκαι Polybius 15.8.7
111.2 201 Carthage Rome Treaty προτεινομένων Polybius 15.18.8
111.3 συνθῆκαι; εἰρήνη; ἀνοχαί-->φιλία,συμμαχία AppianLib. 54; 79
111.4 διωμολογημένα; εἰρήνη; σύμβασις; φιλία Dio 17.82
111.5 συνθῆκαι; ὁμολογίαι; εἰρήνη; σύμβασις‚ Zonar. 9.14
111.6 indutiae pax; in fide Livy 30.37.6; 32.2.3-4; 26.5-18; 40.34.14; 45.14.5;per. 32
111.7 pax NeposHann. 7.2
112 200 Achaean League Philip V Extralegal X Livy 31.25.8 add 6
113 197 Flamininus Philip V Private X Plut.Moralia 197A
114.1 197/6 Philip V Rome Treaty ἀνοχαί-->διαλύσεις; εἰρήνη Polybius 18.39.5-6; 44.1; AppianMac. 9.2
114.2 ἐσπείσατο; εἰρήνη Dio 18.60; Zonar. 9.16
114.3 indutiae pax Livy 33.13.14-15; 30.10; 34.52.9; 35.31.5; 36.35.13; 37.25.12; 40.15.8
114.4 pax Eutr. 4.2.2; Justin 30.4.17; Oros. 4.20.2
114.5 X De Viris Ill. 51; Plut.Aratus 54.2
114.6 διαλύσεις; ἐπιιτρέψας; καταλύεται Plut.Flam. 9.5
114.7 194/3 Philip V Rome Treaty X Diod. 28.15.1; Eutr. 4.2.3; Oros. 4.20.2
114.8 191 Philip V Rome Treaty X Eutr. 4.3.3.; Plut.Flam. 14.2;De Viris Ill. 51
114.9 X AppianMac. 9.5;Syr. 20, 23
114.1 ὁμολογίαι Zonar. 9.19
114.11 πίστις‚ Polybius 21.3.3; 11.9-10
115 197 Corinth Philip V Extralegal X Livy 33.14.2 add 10
116 197 Liguria Rome Treaty deditiones sine ullo pignore Livy 33.22.9
117.1 195 Ilergetes Rome Extralegal X Livy 34.12.7
117.2 Spain Rome Treaty X AppianHisp. 41; Polyaenus 8.17.1
118 195 Sparta Nabis Extralegal X Livy 34.27.7-8; 32.12 add 1
119.1 195 Sparta Rome Treaty indutiae pax Livy 34.35.11; 40.4; 52.9
119.2 fides DeViris Ill. 51; Eutr. 4.2.3; Oros. 4.20.2
119.3 191 Sparta Rome Treaty πίστεις‚ Polybius 21.1.1-3; 3.3-4; 11.9-10; Livy 37.25.12
120 191 Aearnania Antiochus III Extralegal X Livy 36.11.11 add 2
121 191 Boii Rome Treaty deditio Livy 36.39.3; 40.3
122.1 190/89 Antiochus III Rome Treaty εἰρήνη; φιλία Polybius 21.17.8, 11
122.2 φίλος, προὐτείνομεν AppianSyr. 38
122.3 εἰρήνη Diod. 29.10
122.4 pax Livy 37.45.16, 20
122.5 188 Antiochus III Rome Treaty φιλία; συνθῆκαι Polybius 21.42.14, 22
122.6 foedus; amicitia; societas Livy 38.38.9,15; 42.6.9
122.7 pax Eutr. 4.4.3; Justin 31.8.8
122.8 εἰρήνη; φιλία; συνθῆκαι AppianSyr. 39
122.9 συγκειμένοις; ἐσπείσατο Zonar. 9.20
122.1 187-175 Seleucus IV Rome Treaty X Zonar. 9.21; 25; Athen. 10. 438D; Livy 42.6.9; 44.19.8;per. 41; Justin 34.32
122.11 175-162 Seleucus IV & Antiochus IV Rome Treaty AppianSyr. 45-47; 67; Polybius 31.2; 11-15; 33.19; Justin 34.3.6-9; Diod. 31.18; Zonar. 9.25; Livyper. 46
123.1 189 Aetolian League Rome Treaty διαλύσεις; εἰρήνη Polybius 21.32.10-11 add 10
123.2 pax; foedus Livy 38.11.6
123.3 ἀνοχαί-->εἰρήνη Zonar. 9.21
124 189 Cephallanian Cities (Same, Palensians, Cranii) Rome Treaty deditio; pax Livy <38.28.6;> 38.28.9; 29.11 add 2
125 184 Cydonia Charmion X X Polybius 22.15.2-6
126 181 Petra Philip V Treaty deditio Livy 40.22.14
127 181 Thrace Philip X X Livy 20.24.3
128 181 Ligurian Ingauni Rome Treaty dicio Livy 40.28.6
129 181 Corsica Rome Treaty X Livy 40.34.12
130 180 Ligurian Apuani Rome Treaty X Livy 40.38.5
131.1 180/79 X Pharnaces X X Polybius 25.2.6
131.2 Pharnaces Eumenes & Ariarathes Treaty διαλύσεις; εἰρήνη· Polybius 25.2.13-14
132 179 Munda Rome X X Livy 40.47.2 add 1
133 179 Certima Rome Extralegal X Livy 40.47.10
134 177 Histrians Rome Treaty Pax; dicio Llivy 41.10.4; 11.9
135 176 Sardinia Rome Treaty dicio Livy 41.17.3
136 173 Aetolians Aetolians Exchange fides reconciliationis Livy 42.5.12
137 172 Perseus Marcius Treaty nequaquam ex dignitate pari Livy 42.39.6-7
138 171 Tripolis Larisa (Roman allies) X X Livy 42.53.6-7
139 170 Uscanan "traitors" Ap. Claudius Private X Livy 43.10.3
140 169 Aetolian League Rome X X Polybius 28.4.2,7,13; Livy 43.17.6
141 169 Judaea Antiochus IV Treaty διαλύσις‚ Diod. 34/35.1
142 169 Penestae & Parthini Rome Treaty amicitia cum fide Livy 43.21.2-3
143 169 Agassae Rome Treaty tradentibus sese ipsis Livy 44.7.5
144.1 168 Genthius/Perseus Perseus/Genthius Exchange συμμαχία Polybius 29.3-4.6
144.2 foedus Livy 44.23.2-9
145.1 168 Eumenes Perseus Treaty προτεινόμενα; συνετίθετο Polybius 29.8.5-6
145.2 fides Livy 44.25.7-8
146 168 Perseus Gauls Treaty X Livy 44.26.11
147 168 X X X X Livy 44.35.3
148.1 167 Thrace Perseus Treaty κοινοπραγία Polybius 30.17.1-4
148.2 X X Livy 45.42.5-12; Zonar 9.24
149.1 ca. 161 Judaea Syria X X Joseph.J.A. 13.17 add 1
149.2 153/2 Judaea Syria X X Joseph.J.A. 13.38-40
150 155-151/0 Oropus Athens Treaty ὁμολογία; συγκείμενα Paus. 7.11.4-6 add 1
151 154 Oxybii & Deciatae Massilia Treaty παρέδωκαν σφᾶς αὐτούς‚ Polybius 33.10.12
152 152 Ocilis Rome X πόλιν παρεστήσατο AppianHisp. 48
153 152 Nergobriges Rome Treaty συγκείμνον; ὡμολογημένα; εἰρήνη AppianHisp. 48
154 151 Celtiberians Rome Treaty εἰρήνη; διαλύσεις‚ AppianHisp. 50
155 151 Belli, Titthi, Arevaci Rome Treaty ἐπιτρέπειν AppianHisp. 50
156 151 Cauca Rome Treaty φίλος AppianHisp. 52
157 151 Intercatia Rome Treaty διέλυσε AppianHisp. 54
158.1 149 Carthage Rome Treaty ἐπιτροπή; ἀνθομολόγησις‚ Polybius 36.4.6; 5.6-9; 6.1-7.5; 36.11.3
158.2 deditio Livyper. 49
158.3 σπονδαί Zonar. 9.26, 30
158.4 παράδοσις Diod. 32.6.1-2
158.5 συνθήκαις; φίλος; σύμμαχος; συνθέσθαι; δόγμα; εἰρήνη AppianLib. 76-83; 92
159 145 Thrace Diegylis Extralegal X Diod. 35.15.1 add 4
160 ca. 144 Gaza Judaea Treaty συνθέμενος φιλίαν Joseph.J.A. 13.153
161 143 or later Numantia & Termessus Rome Treaty διαλύσεως; εἰρήνη; φίλοι; σύμμαχοι; ὁμολογία Diod. 33.16.1
162 143/2 Maccabaei Tryphon Treaty X Joseph.J.A. 13.204-206
163 141 Malia Rome X X AppianHisp. 77
164 139 Numantia Rome Treaty συνθεμένων; ἐπιτρεψάντων; συνθῆκαι AppianHisp. 79
165 137 Transdurian Tribes Rome Treaty αὐτοὺς ἐνδιδόντων AppianHisp. 72
166 136/5 Talabriga Rome Treaty αὐτοὺς διδόντων AppianHisp. 73
167 134 Judaea Antiochus VII Treaty X Joseph.J.A. 13.247
168 Between 140 & 96 Armenia Parthia X X Strabo 11.14.15C532; Justin 38.3.1
169 109 Numidia Rome Treaty deditio Sall.Jug. 54.6
170.1 108 Jugurtha Rome Treaty deditio Oros. 5.15.7
170.2 Treaty εἰρήνη; διελύσατο Dio. 26.89
171.1 107 Rome Tigurini Treaty pacti Livyper. 65 add 1
171.2 foedus Oros. 5.15.24
172 91 Italian Confederates Italian Confederates Exchange πίστις AppianB.C. 1.38 add 1
173 90 Jugurtha Rome X X AppianB.C. 1.42
174 90 Popaedius Rome X ἐνέχυρα Appian B.C. 1.44
175 86 Chios Pontus Treaty X AppianMith. 46-47
176 85 Placentia Carbo X X Val. Max. 6.2.10
177 84 Italian towns Carbo X fides Livyper. 84
178 83 Sulla Scipio Treaty εἰρήνη; συμβάσεων; σπονδαί AppianB.C. 1.85
179 77 Contrebia Sertorius Treaty X Livy 91.18
180.1 ca. 77 Iberia Sertorius Extralegal X Plut.Sert. 10.3; 14.2; 25.4
180.2 AppianB.C. 1.114
181 75 Isaura Nova Rome Treaty deditio; pax Sall.Hist. II. 87B-D (Mb)
182 ca. 75 Judaean Neighbors Judaea X X Joseph.J.A. 13.409
183 75/4 Pirates Cities ransoming Julius Caesar Private X Vell. Pat. 2.42.1
184.1 70/69 Crete Rome X δόγμα; προτατόμενα Diod. 40.1.2-3
184.2 ὁμολογῆσαι; σπονδαί Dio 30-35
184.3 διαλλαγῶν AppianSic. 6.1
185 67 Cretan Pirates Rome Treaty deditio Cic.De Imperio Cn. Pompei 12.35 add 2
186.1 65 Artoces of Iberia Rome Treaty εἰρήνη; συνηλλάγη Dio 37.2.5-7; Florus 1.40.28
186.2 Iberians and Albanians Rome Treaty X AppianMith. 103
186.3 61 East Rome Treaty X AppianMith. 117; PlutoPomp. 45.4
187.1 63 Antioch Mithradates X X Eutr. 6.14.2 add 2
187.2 Asia Minor Mithradates X X AppianMith. 103, 113
188 63 Pompey Catilinarians Extralegal διαλύσεων Plut.Cic. 18.1 add 1
189.1 61 Aedui Sequani & Germans Treaty dicio; imperium; servitus; pax CaesarB.G. 1.31.7-15; 35.3; 36.5; 37.2; 43.9; 44.2; 6.12.4, 6; 7.54.3
189.2 Aedui & Sequani Germans X X Dio 38.34.2, 5
190 58 Sequani/Helvetii Helvetii/Sequani Exchange X CaesarB.G. 1.9.4; 19.1 add 1
191.1 58 Helvetii Rome Treaty pax; συνέβησαν CaesarB.G. 1.14.6-7
191.2 σπονδαί AppianGall. 15
192 58 Helvetii Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 1.27.3; 28.2
193 57 Belgae Belgae Exchange coniurare CaesarB.G. 2.1.1
194 57 Remi Rome Treaty fides et potestas CaesarB.G. 2.3.3; 5.1
195 57 Suessiones Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 2.13.1
196 57 Bellouaci Rome Treaty pax; fides CaesarB.G. 2.15.1-2
197 57 Transrhene Tribes Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 2.35.1
198 57 Ubii Rome Treaty amicitia; deditio; fides CaesarB.G. 4.16.5; 6.9.6-7
199 57/6 Nantuates, Seduni, & Veragri Rome Treaty pax; deditio CaesarB.G. 3.1.4; 2.5; 3.1
200.1 56 Veneti et al. Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 3.8.2, 5; 10.2
200.2 deditarum gentium Dio 39.40.1; Oros. 6.8
201 56 Aquitani Aquitani Exchange coniurare CaesarB.G. 3.23.2 add 1
202 56 Sotiates Rome Treaty deditionis condicio CaesarB.G. 3.23.1
203 56 Aquitani Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 3.27.1
204 55 Transrhene Tribes Rome Treaty pax; amicitia CaesarB.G. 4.18.3
205 55 Morini Rome Treaty fides CaesarB.G. 4.22.2
206.1 55 Britons Rome Treaty imperium; pax CaesarB.G. 4.21.5; 27.1-6; 31.1
206.2 Treaty X Florus 1.45.17
206.3 55 Britons Rome Treaty pax Caesar 4.36.2; 38.4
206.4 σπείσαθαι; συναλλαγή Dio 39.52.1-3; 40.1.2
206 or 207 or 210 or 211 55/54 Britons Rome Treaty X Strabo 4.5.3C200 add 3
X Suet.Julius 25.2; Eutr. 6.17.3
207 54 Pirustae Rome X X CaesarB.G. 5.1.8 add 1
208 54 Traveri Rome X X CaesarB.G. 5.4.1-2
209 54 Gaul Rome Extralegal CaesarB.G. 5.5.4
210.1 54 Trinobantes Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 5.20.3-4
210.2 dediderunt; foedus Oros. 6.9.8-9
211.1 54 Cassivellaunus Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 5.22.4; 23.1 add 1
211.2 πολέμῳ τέλος ἐπέθηκεν Plut.Caesar 23.3
211.3 κατελύσατο Dio 40.3.2
211.4 X Cic.Ep. Ad Att. 4.18.5
212 54 Eburones Aduatuci X X CaesarB.G. 5.27.2 add 3
213 54 Gaul Rome X X CaesarB.G. 47.2
214 53 Treveri Germans Treaty X CaesarB.G. 6.2.2
215 53 Nervii Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 6.3.2
216 53 Senones Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 6.4.4
217 53 Carnutes Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 6.4.5
218 53 Menapii Rome Treaty pax CaesarB.G. 6.6.3
219 53 Ubii Rome Treaty deditio; fides CaesarB.G. 6.9.6-7; cf. 4.16.5
220 52 Gaul Gaul Exchange fides; sanciatur CaesarB.G. 7.2.2
221 52 Gaul Vercingetorix X potestas; imperium CaesarB.G. 7.4.7; 7.2; 7.64.1
222 52 Vellaundodunum Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 7.11.2
223 52 Noviodunum Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 7.12.3-4
224.1 52 Gaul Rome X X CaesarB.G. 7.55.2, 6; 7.63.3
244.2 X Dio 40.38.2
225 52 Arverni Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 7.90.2 add 1
226.1 51 Gaul Rome Treaty amicitia; fides CaesarB.G. 8.3.5; 27.1; 38.2; 46.2
226.2 sponsio; servitus Oros. 6.12.4
227 51 Bellovaci Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 8.20.2; 23.1-2 add 1
228 51 Carnutes Rome Treaty deditio CaesarB.G. 8.31.4
229 51 Commius Rome Treaty X CaesarB.G. 8.48.8-9
230 51 Tebarani Rome X X Cic.Ep. ad Fam. 15.4.10
231 49 Spain Pompeian faction Extralegal X CaesarB.C. 1.74.5
232 49 Afranius & Petreius Caesar Private X CaesarB.C. 1.84.2
233 49 Apollonia Staberius X X CaesarB.C. 3.12.1-2
234 by 47 Phanagoreans Pharnaces Treaty φιλία AppianMith. 120
235 46 Africa Pompeians X servitus Bellum Africum 26.5
236 45 Illyrians Rome Treaty X AppianIll. 13
237.1 44 Antony & Lepidus Caesar's Assassins Private X Livyper. 116
237.2 συνέβησαν Dio 44.34.6
237.3 X AppianB.C. 2.142
237.4 Antony Caesar's Assassins Private pax Cic.Phil. 1.1.2; 1.13.31; 2.36.90
237.5 pax; fidem Vell. Pat. 2.58.3
237.6 X AppianB.C. 3.15
237.7 X Plut.Brutus 19.2;Ant. 14.1
238 20-May-43 Lepidus Plancus Private fides; societas Cic.Ep. ad Fam. 10.17.3 add 6
239 43 Octavian Republicans Extralegal X AppianB.C. 3.91
240 43 Malichus  ? Roman Syria  ? Treaty ἀποστήσας Joseph.J.A. 14.290
241 38 Antiochus of Commagene Rome Treaty συνθῆκαι Dio 49.22.2
242 35 Rome Sextus Pompey Extralegal X AppianB.C. 5.137
243 35 Siscia Rome Treaty ὡμολόγησαν Dio 49.37.2, 6
244 35 Metulum Rome Treaty X AppianIll. 21
245 35-34 Segesta Rome Treaty X AppianIll. 22-24
246 33 Dalmatians Rome Treaty X AppianIll. 28
247 33 Derbani Rome Treaty X Appian Ill. 28
248 33 Illyrians Rome Treaty συνθῆκαι; συνέθεντο Appian Ill. 28
249 30 East Antony X X Dio 51.16.1-2
250 30 or 27/6 Phraates IV Rome Extralegal X Dio 51.18.3; 53.33.1-2 Justin 42.5.6-11; Mon. Anc. 32
251 25 Cantabrians Rome Treaty X Florus 2.33.51-52
252.1 16 Sugambri, Usipetes, & Tencteri Rome Treaty σπονδαί Dio 54.20.6
252.2 A.D. 9 Sugambri X Strabo 7.1.4C291
253.1 9-Oct Phraates IV Rome X** obsides (at wrong year) Vell. Pat. 2.94.4 add 1
253.2 φιλία; ἐξομηρευσάμενος Strabo 6.42C288; 16.1.28C749
253.3 foedus; obsides Oros. 6.21.27
253.4 obsides Svet.Aug. 21.3; 43.4
253.5 obsides Eutr. 7.9
253.6 X Dio 55.10.20; 10a.4
253.7 amicitia per pignora Mon. Anc. 32
253.8 ὁμηρεία; εἰρήνη· Joseph.J.A. 18.39-52
254 A.D. 8 Breucians Bato X X Dio 55.34.4-6 add 7
255.1 Between 43 B.C. & A.D. 14 Some Barbarians Rome Treaty pax; fides Suet.Aug. 21.2
255.2 Of Uncertain Years:
256 X Thessalians Phocians X X Aesch.Emb. 140 add 1
257 X Epidaurus Rome X X Front.Strat. 2.11.1

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Appendix 1B: Historical and Legendary Hostages, continued [246-259]

Case Number At Time of Exaction Period of Detention Termination of Hostageship
Sex Age Number Affiliation Selection Time Place Treatment
1 F nubile X child of donor X X R Impregnated X
2 X παῖδες X X X X R Threatened Rescued
3 M τέκνα X Aeneas' grandsons X X R Adopted X
4 F nubile X X X X R Married X
5 X παῖδες X X R X X X X
6 X X 50 ἄριστοι X X X X Restored
8 M military X X X X R X X
9 X mixed X parents, children, & wives X X X Threatened X
10 M military X X X X R X X
11 M & F nubile impubes 20 children of consuls X X R X Escaped
12 M ἄνδρες, liberi 300 ἐπιφανέστατοι, principes X X R X Executed
13 X Mixed X parents, wives, children, other relatives X X X Threatened X
14 M mature 2 consuls X X X X Escaped
15 M X 1 donor D X X X X
17 F nubile X relatives X X X X
18 M military 400 X X X X X X
20 M mature 1 ambassador D X X X Exchange
22 M ἄνδρες 100 πλουσιώτατοι X X X X X
25 M παῖδες, ἄνδρες 100 or 80 πρῶτοι X X O X Rescued
27 M military X X X X X X X
29 M παῖς X son of king X X X X Executed
31 M pueri X X X X X X X
33 F nubile X "freeborn" D X X X Rescued
34 X X 100 X X X X X Returned
35 M infant X son of king X X O X X
36 M X X ἐπιφανέστατοι X X X X X
37 M παῖς 1 son of donor D X X X X
38 M about 14 X brother of king X X X X X
39 M παῖδες 31 brother of king and ἐπιφανέστατοι X X R Educated X
40 M υἱός 51 son of king and ἑταῖροι X X R Educated Escaped
41 X mixed X wife & children of donor & friends' children D X X X X
42 M mature X X X X X X X
43
44 X παῖδες X X X X X X Executed
45 M X X son of king X X R X X
46 X mixed X wives and children X X X X X
47 X mixed X wife and children of donor D X X X X
48 X παῖδες or πρεσβύται 50 or 100 ἐπιφανέστατοι R X X X X
49 M mature X ἀξιολογώτατοι X X X X X
50 M mature 100 X X X X X
51 M, F X X X X X R Good X
52 X X 300 familiae illustres X X R X X
53
54 M military 600 equites X C O X Rescued
55 M X 1 nephew of donor R X R X X
59 M elderly 1 donor D X X X X
61 M X X brother of satrap X X X X Rescued
63 M ὡραῖος 1 son of donor D X R Attempted seduction Rescued
64 X τέκνα X children of donor R X X X X
65 M παῖδες or ἄνδρες X εὐγενεῖς X X R X Exchanged
66 M mature 100 X X X X X X
67 X X 100 πολῖται R X X X Returned by third party
68 F nubile 200 ἐπιφανέστατοι, ἐνδοξότατοι, κάλλισται X X X Sexual abuse Exchanged
69 M X 1 donor R X X X X
70 X παῖδες X ἐπιφανέστατοι X X X X X
71 X X 600 X X X O X Rescued
72 X X 400 X X X X X X
73 M mature X πρῶτοι φίλων X X X X X
74 M about 34 1 son of captive D X X X X
75 M mature X amabassadors R X R X X
76 M mature X X X X X X
77 M military υἱός 1 son of donor X X X X X
78 M X X X X X R X Escaped
79 X X X ἐπιφανέστατοι X X R X X
80 X X 3000 X X X X X X
82 X X X X X X X X Returned by treaty terms
83 X mixed X wives & children X X R X X
84 M X X king X X X X X
85 X X 300 X X X X X X
86 M mature 20 πολῖται X X X X X
87 M X X son of general X X R Poisoned X
88 M, F mixed 3 mother and sons of king R X R X Executed
89 X X 300 X X X X X Returned
90 M υἱεῖς X sons of ambassadors R X X X X
92 M military 4000 X R X R X X
93 X X X X X X X X Exchange demanded
97 X παῖδες, pueri X X X X O X Return planned; return by third party
100 M military 300 nobilissimus R X R X Given Cumaean citizenship after release
102 X X X relatives in city X X X X X
103 M military X relatives in city X X X X X
104 X X X nobiles X X R Careless custody Executed for escape
105 M υἱός 1 son of donor D X X X X
106 M, F mixed more than 300 wives and children of leaders X X O Sexual abuse Returned by third party
X liberi 120 liberi senatorum X X R X X
109 M military 2 D X X X X
111 M παῖδες, 14-30 150 or 100 children of principes R B R Good X
112 M military X X X X X X X
114 M about 9 X son of king & friends of king X X R Good Returned
115 M mature X X X X X X
117 M additional son of king X X X X X
118 M X about 80 leaders of youth R X R Killed Executed
119 M 5 son of tyrant R X R X 4 Returned, 1 Died
120 M military 300 & 200 X X X X X X
122 M filius, υἱός 18-40 or 45; 10 20 son of king R B R Good Exchanged; escaped
123 X 012 - 40 40 X R C R X X
124 X X 20 each X X X R Threatened X
125 X X X X X X X X Returned by third party
131 X X X X X X X X Returned by treaty terms
133 M military 40 nobilissimi equites X X R X X
135 X X 230 X X X X X X
136 X X X X X X O X X
137 M mature 2 X X X X Released
140 X τέκνα X children of anti-Roman members X X X X X
142 M military X equites X X O X X
144 M υἱεῖς X sons of ambassadors R X X X X
145 X X X X X X O X X
148 M filius, υἱός X son of king X X R X Returned by third party
149 X παῖδες X παῖδες πρώτων X X D X Returned
150 X X X X X C R X Returned despite treaty violation
151 X X X X X B? X X X
153 M military 100 ἱππεῖς X X X X Imprisoned after truce violated
154 X X X X X X X X Returned when negotiations failed by request
157 M ἄνδρες 50 X X X X X X
158 M νέοι παῖδες 300 sons of leaders X A,C R Good Death; retained after treaty violation
159 M, F X X relatives X X X Torture Death by torture
160 X X X X X X R X X
161 X X 300 each X X X X X X
162 X παῖδες Z sons of captive X X X X X
167 M X X brother of High Priest X X X X X
168 M X X X X X R X Released for territorial concessions
170 X X 300 X X X X X X
171 M military X X X X X X X
172 M μειράκιον X X X X X X X
173 M υἱός X son of king X X R X Retained after treaty violation
174 M βρέφη 2 son of donor X X X X X
175 X παῖδες X ἄριστοι παιδῶν X X R X X
178 X X X Sullan X X X X Released without request after truce violation
180 M παῖδες X εὐγενέστατοι X X R Good Some killed, some enslaved, some kept after tribes defect
181 X X 100 X X X X X X
184 X X 300 ἐπιφανέστατοι X X X X X
186 X liberi παῖδες X children of king R X R In triumph X
187 M, F X X X X X X In triumph X
188 M, F τέκνα 3 children of Popey R X X X X
189 M X X X X Threatened Returned by third party
194 X X X X X X X
195 M X sons of king & primi X X X X X
196 X X 600 X X x X X X
199 X liberi X X X x x X X
200 X X X X X X X X Attempted exchange fails
206 X X doubled X X X R X X
208 M 200 son & relatives of ruler R X X X X
209 M mature X R X X X X
210 X X 40 X X X X X X
212 M X son and nephew of leader X X X X Returned by third party
213 X X X X X X D X X
216 X X 100 X X X O X X
222 X X 600 X X X X X X
224 X X X X X A O X Threatened by third party
231 M mature X R X X X X
232 M 1 son of donor X X X X X
235 X liberi X children of leaders X X X X X
237 M liberi filius υἱός, παῖς> 2 sons of consul & magister equitum X X X X Released
238 M X 1 freedman of donor? X X X X X
239 F X X relatives X X X X X
240 X παῖς X son of leader X X X X Attempted rescue
241 X X 2 οὐκ ἐπιφανεῖς X X X X X
242 M mature 1 promagistrate R X X X X
244 X X 50 X R X X X X
245 X παῖδες 100 παῖδες πρωτευόντων X X X X X
246 X παῖδες 700 X X X X X X
249 X παῖδες X children of kings and dynasts X X R X Returned or retained by third party
250 M filius>; υἱός 1 son of king X X R X Returned
253 M παῖδες, υἱός 8 sons & grandsons of king D X R Good Returned upon request; retained
255 M, F X X X X B X X X
256 X X X X X X X Flogged X

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Appendix 1C: Rhetorical References to Hostages [261]

Herein are the rhetorical and non-personal references to ὅμηρος and obsides found in the works cited in the bibliography.

Sources: "Hostage"
Josephus, J.A. 11.303 marriage
Diodorus 19.24.2 money
Polybius 1.68.3 baggage
Plutarch, Moralia 54A sympathy
Plutarch, Cato Minor 30.4 marriage
Cicero, Pro Caelio 32.78 prosecutions
Cicero, Pro Cluentio 66.188 dead sons
Cicero, In Catilinam 4.5.9 opinion (sententia)
Cicero, In Catilinam 4.2.3 Cicero's son
Cicero, In Q.Caecilium 22.72 reputation, honor, etc.
Cicero, In Verrem2.3.53.124 Metellus almost gives hostages to Sicilians
Lucan 7.61-62; 8.31 Cornelia & Sons Pompey's hostages to fate
Lucan 10.55 Ptolemy for Caesar's safety at court

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Appendix II.A: The Legend of Cloelia [263-270]

Please see the seperate eLib Article: Legend of Cloelia - Roman Republic - Etruscans - Cheryl Walker - 2004

Von „http://www.univie.ac.at/elib/index.php?title=Hostages_in_Republican_Rome_-_Appendix_-_Cheryl_Walker_-_2005&oldid=11384“
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