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Regulation of Transcription by Stress in Yeast and Candida glabrata
The cellular DNA contains all the information required to build and maintain an organism. In order to respond and adapt to a changing environment and to establish different cell types the cellular information has to be interpreted properly. In this context interpretation means that not all genes are expressed in every cell, instead only those genes are expressed which are required to e.g. establish a certain cell type.
Life microscopy with nuclear War1-GFP in yeast cells (GFP, DAPI, Nomarski)
Changes in the environment also demand changes in gene expression to allow for protection against damaging conditions and subsequently adaptation. The regulation of gene expression is a complicated process involving several layers of gathering and mediating information and a multitude of factors influencing expression from whole chromosomes to single genes. Important regulatory factors are transcription factors recognizing gene-specific regulatory sequences and chromatin remodeling activities modulating expression in a more general manner. We are investigating how expression of genes under environmental or stress control is regulated by the interaction of chromatin remodeling complexes and transcription factors.
The yeast transcription factor Msn2 is induced by a wide variety of stress situations. Several signaling pathways converge and influence the intracellular localization and activity of Msn2 (Protein kinase A, High osmolarity pathway). The mechanisms regulating Msn2 act on a minute timescale. This can be visualized by time lapse microscopy of a Msn2-GFP fusion protein (see movie - size 3.5Mb - 15 sec/pic) in cells under osmotic stress.
Msn2-GFP
Current projects address the
quantification of signal transduction processes and the
interconnection of signalling pathways, nuclear transport
and chromatin remodeling under stress. We are also
interested in the stressful relationship between pathogens
and host. Our model system for this aspect is Candida
glabrata.
Publications
Durchschlag E, Reiter W, Ammerer G, Schüller C. Nuclear localization destabilizes the stress regulated transcription factor Msn2. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 31;279(53):55425-32. Epub 2004 Oct 22
Mollapour M, Fong D, Balakrishnan K, Harris N, Thompson S, Schuller C,
Kuchler K, Piper PW. Screening the yeast deletant mutant collection for hypersensitivity and hyper-resistance to sorbate, a weak organic acid food preservative. Yeast. 2004 Aug;21(11):927-46.
Mamnun YM, Schüller C, K. Kuchler. Expression regulation of the yeast PDR5 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter suggests a role in cellular detoxification during the exponential growth phase. FEBS Lett. 559(1-3): 111-7. (2004)
Schüller C, Mamnun YM, Mollapour M, Krapf G, Schuster M, Bauer BE, Piper PW,Kuchler K. Global Phenotypic Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling Defines the Weak Acid Stress Response Regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell. (2):706-20. (2004)
Reinoso-Martin C, Schüller C, Schuetzer-Muehlbauer M, Kuchler K. The yeast protein kinase C cell integrity pathway mediates tolerance to the antifungal drug caspofungin through activation of Slt2p mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Eukaryot Cell. 2(6):1200-10. (2003)
Görzer I, Schüller C, Heidenreich E, Krupanska L, Kuchler K, Wintersberger U. The nuclear actin-related protein Act3p/Arp4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in transcription regulation of stress genes. Mol Microbiol. 50(4):1155-71. (2003)
Hatzixanthis
K, Mollapour M, Seymour I, Bauer BE, Krapf G, Schüller C,
Kuchler K, Piper PW. Moderately lipophilic carboxylate
compounds are the selective inducers of the Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Pdr12p ATP-binding cassette transporter.Yeast.
2003 20:575-85.
Chung
KR, Daub ME, Kuchler K, Schüller C. The CRG1 gene required
for resistance to the singlet oxygen-generating cercosporin
toxin in Cercospora nicotianae encodes a putative fungal
transcription factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 302,
302-10. (2003)
Kren
A, Mamnun YM, Bauer BE, Schüller C, Wolfger H, Hatzixanthis
K, Mollapour M, Gregori C, Piper P, Kuchler K. War1p, a
novel transcription factor controlling weak acid stress
response in yeast, Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 1175-85. (2003)
Klein M, Mamnun YM, Eggmann T, Schüller C, Wolfger H, Martinoia E, Kuchler K. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Bpt1p mediates vacuolar sequestration of glutathione conjugates in yeast. FEBS Lett. 520, 63-67. (2002)
Görner
W, Durchschlag E, Wolf J, Brown EL, Ammerer G, Ruis H and C.
Schüller. Acute glucose starvation activates the nuclear
localization signal of a stress specific yeast transcription
factor. EMBO J. 21, 135-144. (2002)
de
Micheli M, Bille J, Schueller C, Sanglard D. A common
drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the
Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, two genes
involved in antifungal drug resistance. Mol Microbiol. 43,
1197-214. (2002)
Krawiec
Z, Bilinski T, Schüller C, Ruis H. Reactive oxygen species
as second messengers? Induction of the expression of yeast
catalase T gene by heat and hyperosmotic stress does not
require oxygen. Acta Biochim Pol. 47: 201-7. (2000)
Nestelbacher
R, Laun P, Vondrakova D, Pichova A, Schüller C, Breitenbach
M. The influence of oxygen toxicity on yeast mother
cell-specific aging. Exp Gerontol. 35, 63-70. (2000)
Görner
W, Durchschlag E, Martinez-Pastor MT, Estruch F, Ammerer G,
Hamilton B, Ruis H and C. Schüller. Nuclear localization of
the C2H2 znic finger protein Msn2p is regulated by stress
and protein kinase A activity. Genes&Development 12(4):
586-597. (1998).
Moskvina
E, Schüller C and Ruis H. A search in the genome of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes regulated via stress
response elements (STRE´s). Yeast. 14, 1041-1050. (1998)
Martinez-Pastor
MT, Marchler G, Schüller C, Marchler-Bauer A, Ruis H and
Estruch F. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins
Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction
through the stress-response element (STRE). EMBO J. 15,
2227-2235. (1996)
Schüller
C, Brewster JL, Alexander MR, Gustin MC, Ruis H. The HOG
pathway controls osmotic regulation of transcription via the
stress response element of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTT1
gene EMBO J. 13, 4382-4389. (1994)
Marchler
G, Schüller C, Adam G, Ruis H. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae
UAS element controlled by protein kinase A activates
transcription to a variety of stress conditions. EMBO J. 12,
1997-2003. (1993)
Wieser
R, Adam G, Wagner A, Schüller C, Marchler G, Ruis H,
Krawiec Z, Bilinski T. Heat shock factor-independent control
of transcription of the CTT1 gene encoding catosolic
catalase T of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol Chem. 266,
12406-12411 (1991)
Reviews
and Books:
Görner
W, Schüller C, Ruis H. Being at the right place at the
right time: the role of nuclear transport in dynamic
transcriptional regulation in yeast. Biol Chem. 380: 147-50.
Review (1999).
Ruis H and Schüller C. Stress signalling in yeast. Bioessays, 17, 959-965. Review (1995)
Schüller C, Bauer BE and K. Kuchler. Inventory & Evolution of Fungal ABC Protein Genes. In ABC Proteins: From Microbes to Man (eds. K. Kuchler, B. Holland, S. Coole, C. Higgins), Harcourt Publishers, Elsevier Science, London. (2003)
Bauer
BE, Schüller C and K. Kuchler. Fungal ABC Proteins in
Clinical Drug Resistance & Cellular Detoxification. In
ABC Proteins: From Microbes to Man (eds. K. Kuchler,
B. Holland, S. Coole, C. Higgins), Harcourt Publishers,
Elsevier Science, London. (2003)
Schüller
C, Ruis H. Regulated nuclear transport. In Results and
Problems in Cell Differentiation. 35:169-89. (ed. K.,Weiss),
Springer, (2002)
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