SNP |
SNP – a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP (pronounced snip) is a DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide - A, T, C, or G - in the genome (or other shared sequence) differs between members of a species (or between paired chromosomes in an individual). For example, two sequenced DNA fragments from different individuals, AAGCCTA to AAGCTTA, contain a difference in a single nucleotide. In this case we say that there are two alleles: C and T.
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| Metabolomics |
Metabolomics – is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind - specifically, the study of their small-molecule metabolite profiles. The metabolome represents the collection of all metabolites in a biological organism, which are the end products of its gene expression. Thus, while mRNA gene expression data and proteomic analyses do not tell the whole story of what might be happening in a cell, metabolic profiling can give an instantaneous 'snapshot' of the physiology of that cell. One of the challenges of systems biology is to integrate proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics information to give a more complete picture of living organisms. |
| Nutrigenomics |
Nutrigenomics – is the application of the sciences of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to human nutrition, especially the relationship between nutrition and health. Nutrition and health research is focused on the prevention of disease by optimising and maintaining cellular, tissue, organ and whole-body homeostasis. This requires understanding, and ultimately regulating, a multitude of nutrient-related interactions at the gene, protein and metabolic levels. These new disciplines and their attendant technologies are changing the paradigms of health research. |
| Genomics |
Genomics – is the study of an organism's genome and the use of the genes. It deals with the systematic use of genome information, associated with other data, to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry. |
| Genotyping |
Genotyping – refers to the process of determining the genotype of an individual with a biological assay. Current methods of doing this include PCR, DNA sequencing, and hybridisation to DNA chips or beads. The technology is intrinsic for test on father-/motherhood and in clinical research for the investigation of disease-associated genes. |
| TOF-MS |
TOF-MS – Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry: an ion of known electrical charge and unknown mass enters a mass spectrometer and is accelerated by an electrical field of known strength. The time that it subsequently takes for the particle to reach a detector at a known distance is measured. This time will depend on the mass-to-charge ratio of the particle (heavier particles reach lower speeds). This method of analysis is a powerful tool for finding the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles, atoms and molecules. |
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