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PK AS 4A
| Other press marks: | S 4 |
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Provenience |
| Main find spot: | Duldur-Akhur |
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| Expedition code: | M 500.6 and 7 |
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| Collection: | Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Pelliot Koutchéen (Paris) |
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Language and Script |
| Language: | TB |
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| Linguistic stage: | Classical |
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| Add. linguistic characteristics: | With late forms |
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| Script: | Classical |
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Text contents |
| Title of the work: | Udānastotra |
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| Parallel texts: | IOL Toch 307, PK NS 27, PK NS 28 |
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| Manuscript: | PK Udānastotra |
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| Text genre: | Literary |
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| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
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| Verse/Prose: | Verse |
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Object |
| Material: | Ink on paper |
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| Form: | Poṭhī |
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| Size (w x h): | 43,3 x 7,4 cm |
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| Leaf number: | 65 |
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| Number of lines: | 5 |
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| Line distance: | 1,2 cm |
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| Remarks: | A complete leaf. |
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Transliteration
| a1 | tse ṣek ñi tākoyä\ (–)m[o]rne kreṃnt yol[ai](·) (– – –) pālas̝[ä]\• aiśaumyeṃts\ krentaṃts\ lareṃ e[ñ]c(·)(–)r\ yase kwīpe (–) śīlne aukṣu [l](·)[k](·)[ñ](·) p[e]l[aikn](·)[n](·) (·)kū [i](–) |
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| a2 | ṣek ñī tākoyä\ 23 śramaṇavārgä śpālmeṃ ce paiykalñesa karsoymä\ ñiśä\ yokai kleśo nano camel\ spār(–)ssi eṅkalñeṣṣe [ai]sene karsoymä\ nāk[i] : |
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| a3 | ṣamāññempa eraitwe cimpi○m palsko yātassi āstreṃ yāmtsi • śīlaṣṣana salyeṃno prākre ys[o]mo eñcīmar\• mā āk\ kuloytar-ñä\ 24 pa- |
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| a4 | ramārthä pelaikne trai śaiṣentso tarnene aṣāṃ aitsi : mārgavārgṣe kauṃ śpālmeṃ paiykalyñesa stamoy sā «walke ytā»rye : tek yäknesa śpālmeṃ ñiśä\ ya[m]i[m]\ pā[k]ri [o]kta- |
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| a5 | tsai klyomñai ytāri : śtwār= emprenma lkātsisa aiśamñeṣṣi āstry eśne po [ka]lloyeṃ 25 satkāravārgä paiykāmai po krentaunaṃts\ [s]a (– –)u lā[bhasatkār\] (–) |
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| b1 | raṣṣiṃ yetse śīlaṣṣe aiśamñeṣṣeṃ mīsa po karsna[ṃ] lykaśke : tsirauwñeṣṣe k[au]ṣn āya ompalskoṣṣe mrestīwe paks̝aṃ ysomo • matre wse [r](·)(–)(·)[ṣā]klai tūsa [o](·)ṣap\ |
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| b2 | wīśim ñiśä\ kallau ynāmñe • 26 paiykalñesa drohavārgä akālk\ kñī[ta]r-ñä\ serkene po cmelaṣṣe : mamāntaṣ ra yolainne mā ñi t(·)k[o]y(ä)(\) māntalyñ[e] kuse s̝\ |
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| b3 | krenta[ṃ]nne : kauṣentai ra sanaṃ○ne mā wer śono wṣi-ñä nta tarkoym[ä]\ traṅko : aknātsaimpa ṣe śmalyñe mā ñī tākoī śanmīmar\ krentaṃmp= eṣe |
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| b4 | 27 po krentaunaṃts\ śmoññai ce paiykalñesa smṛtivārgä akālk\ kñī[ta]r-ñä\ : kektsenne ykweṣṣ īme[sa] pelai[kn]eṃnta po karso(·)mä\ ṣñār ṣotri[s]a : krent\• |
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| b5 | āksalñe ṣek\ ā(··)oymä\ tarya śpāl(·)eṃ (·)aumyenta araṃśn= eṅku : papāṣṣorñe aiśam(·)e ompalskoñe [m]ā marsoy[m]ä\ s(·)ai miyaṣly(·)e : [28] (–)[k]ī[rṇ](·) |
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Transcription
Translation
| a1 | May I have (trust thorough)ly [and] always in the good (or) bad act. [23b] May I seize the shame [and] modesty [that is] the one praised by the wise ones [and that is] dear to the good ones. [23c] May I always have the consciousness grown in moral behavior [and] |
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| a2 | having arrived at the Law for long. 23. Through the writing of this excellent Śramaṇavarga may I recognize the thirst as a torment (kleśa). [24a] Again may I recognize the blame in the cauldron consisting in the clinging to let turn the birth[cycle]. [24b] |
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| a3 | In connection with monkhood may I be able to tame the spirit [and] to make it pure. [24c] May I seize firmly [and] completely the rules pertaining to moral behavior; may my zeal not recede. 24. |
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| a4 | The Law as the supreme goal [is] worth to be taken on the top of the three worlds. [25a] Through the writing of the excellent sun of the Mārgavarga may this path remain for a long time. [25b] In this way indeed may I make manifest the excellent eightfold |
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| a5 | noble path. [25c] Through the seeing of the four truths may all obtain the pure eyes of wisdom. 25. I have written the Satkāravarga [understanding] this gain [and] pride (= Skt. lābha-satkāra-) as the e(nemy) of all the virtues. [26a] |
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| b1 | He [= the enemy] tears out the skin of moral behavior [and] he cuts into small pieces the whole meat of wisdom. [26b] He breaks the bones of the energy [and] he cooks the marrow of meditation completely. [26c] Like the snake with sharp venom, even more than that, |
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| b2 | may I avoid gain [and] pride. 26. Through the writing of the Drohavarga may my wish come true in the circle of all births. [27a] May I not feel anger towards an evil person even an angry one, and even less |
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| b3 | towards good people. [27b] Even towards a murderous enemy may hate [and] enmity not reside in me at all [and] may I abandon the sin. [27c] May I not have a meeting with an ignorant one [and] may I come together with good people. |
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| b4 | 27 Through the writing of the Smṛtivarga, this fondation of all virtues, may my wish come true. [28a] By consciousness directed towards the body may I understand all qualities [= dharma] each by its own mark. [28b] May I always |
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| b5 | awake the good awakening having seized in the heart the three excellent jewels. [28c] May I not forget the observance, the wisdom, the meditation, without making harm. 28 (I have written) the Prakīrṇakavarga ... |
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Philological commentary
The meter is 4 x 18 (7/7/4).
a1 The meter requires an additional syllable, which is the pronoun cau to be judged by the parallel IOL Toch 307 b5.
a1 Pace Lévi and Thomas, one has to read [l](·)[k](·)[ñ](·) based on an autopsy of the original.
a2 Pace Lévi and Thomas, one has to read [ai]sene based on an autopsy of the original.
b5 Pace Lévi and Thomas, one has to read miyaṣly(·)e : [28] (–)[k]ī[rṇ](·) based on an autopsy of the original. There are no traces of ä-dots over the ya in miyaṣly(ñ)e. The form (even though from the kausativ paradim) preserves A-character (cf. Malzahn 2011).
Linguistic commentary
The text has some colloquial spellings: cimpim for cämpim in a3, araṃśne for arañcne in b5, and degemination in śaiṣentso (a4) and ompalskoñe (b5). Whether sälyeṃno in a3 shows colloquial monophthongization or is simply an error for sälyaiṃno is difficult to judge. Since the text is metrical, forms with o mobile (or even preserved -ä as in wṣi-ñä in b 3) are often used.
The text has interesting spellings of virama position: sometimes one has double marking with virama stroke and dot (e.g., pāla_ṣ[ä]\• in a 1); the chapter names xy-varga- > xy-vārgä borrowed from Sanskrit are never written with virama (even if the syllable is not counting metrically), which fits a more general writing habit also found in prose texts (cf. Malzahn 2012a).
References
Edition: Lévi 1933; Thomas 1966: 168-171; Pinault 1990a.
Editors
Georges-Jean Pinault (in collaboration with Melanie Malzahn)
Bibliography
Lévi 1933
Lévi, Sylvain, 1933: Fragments de textes koutchéens. Udānavarga, Udānastotra, Udānālaṁkāra et Karmavibhaṅga, publiés et traduits avec un vocabulaire et une introduction sur le «tokharien» par M. Sylvain Lévi, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
Malzahn 2011
Malzahn, Melanie, 2011: "Die tocharischen Präsens- und Konjunktivstämme auf suffixales -sk- und eine innertocharische Vokalschwächungsregel", Indogermanistik und Linguistik im Dialog. Akten der 13. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 21. bis 27. September 2008 in Salzburg, hg. v. Thomas Krisch und Thomas Lindner unter redaktioneller Mitarbeit von Michael Crombach und Stefan Niederreiter, Wiesbaden: Reichert, 361-366.
Malzahn 2012a
Malzahn, Melanie, 2012a: "Now you see it, now you don’t — Bewegliches –o in Tocharisch B", Linguistic developments along the Silk Road: Archaism and Innovation in Tocharian, ed. by Olav Hackstein and Ronald I. Kim, Wien: Verlag der ÖAW, 33-82.
Pinault 1990a
Pinault, Georges-Jean, 1990a: "Compléments à l’Udānālaṅkāra et à l’Udānastotra en koutchéen", Documents et archives provenant de l’Asie Centrale. Actes du Colloque Franco-Japonais, Kyoto, 4–8 octobre 1988, éd. par †Akira Haneda, Kyoto: Association Franco-Japonaise des Études Orientales, 51-69.
Thomas 1966
Thomas, Werner, 1966: "Tocharische Udānastotras der Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris", KZ 80, 163-181.
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