A
Comprehensive
Edition
of
Tocharian
Manuscripts

THT 88

Other press marks:	B 88, Bleistiftnummer 2339
Provenience
Main find spot:	Šorčuq
Expedition code:	T III Š 75.3
Collection:	Berlin Turfan Collection (BBAW)
Language and Script
Language:	TB
Linguistic stage:	Classical
Script:	Classical
Text contents
Title of the work:	Araṇemijātaka
Manuscript:	Araṇemi α
Text genre:	Literary
Text subgenre:	Jātaka/Avadāna
Verse/Prose:	Both
Object
Material:	Ink on paper
Form:	Poṭhī
Leaf number:	21
Number of lines:	6
Remarks:	According to Sieg/Siegling, a nearly completely leaf. Today, however, the right-most part with the margin is missing, and perhaps some smaller pieces. The fragment THT 88 is the largest completed by THT 1924 to its left side. The leaf was carelessley restored before putting it under the current glas frame: a small piece at the beginning of line a 1 and line b 6, respectively, has been glued in the wrong way, so it has to be turned upside down; around the margins some folds are turned the wrong way. There is now a lacuna in line a1 between lnaṣṣi and m(·)eṃ, while Sieg/Siegling read clearly lnaṣṣine \|\| tumeṃ, and it looks like part of the paper has been wrongly folded to the other side; the fragments join right in the middle of ‹du›; the attested fragment ends with si. In line a2 the fragments join right in the middle of ‹ña›, the leaf ends with ‹wa›. In lines a3 the fragments join somewhere in the middle of the string hole, the leaf ends with ‹utta›, while the upper part of a following vowel sign e is still visible. In line a4 the left fragment reads up until \|\|, while the akṣara ‹tu› read by Sieg/Siegling is missing; the leaf ends with ‹lar[i]›. The left piece in line a5 ends with ‹lye›, an edge from the verso side with part of the ‹la›-sign has been folded over the verso side; the right fragment starts with part of the ‹pa› and ends with the dot. In line a6 the left piece ends with ‹brā›, the right starts with ‹rt(·)e›; in three places the paper has been wrongly folded so that the correct text is now to be seen on the photo of the verso side: the nn of r[t](·)enne, the middle of the akṣara ‹lkā› of lkāṣṣänme, and the lower part of the ‹ka› of mñcuṣke; the fragment ends with ‹rra›. In line b1 the framents do not join, the left fragment ends before the lacuna, the beginning of the right fragment is the correct place to put the small fragment mentioned in line a6, right where one can still see traces of the ‹[ly]mi› and ‹so› read by Sieg/Siegling; over the ‹ka› of kärtso a small piece showing the lower part of a ‹ka› has been wrongly glued; the fragment ends with kwātärne. In line b2 the left fragment ends with ‹wol[o]›, the right continues after the lacuna and ends with ‹ptsā›. In line b3 the fraction falls into the string hole, the remains of a sign visible after ś(·) must belong to a different piece; the right fragment ends with ñ(·). In line b4 the fraction again falls into the string hole, the right fragment ends with [p]·. In line b5 the fragments join completely at the beginning of lkāṣṣäṃ, the right fragment ends with yne, but the e-sign is lost now. In line b6 the u of mu from candramukhi seems to have been folded wrongly to the other side, the fragments join after lānte, the right fragment ends with ‹rudramu›.

Images

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Transliteration

a1	[k](·)ntwo koynameṃ parna lnaṣṣine \|\| tumeṃ durmukhe brāhmaṇe uttare śamaśkeṃ karwāṣṣai witsakaisa raskare tsopaṃne siñcai ṣorpor i[t]e (− − −)
a2	mormeṃ au«ntsa»ntene ścīre makastsi • tane ñake uttari śamaś(·)entse kālpsa painemeṃ ette kloyomane alyeka kca warttoṣṣe makūltsa tatrāppa-
a3	rmeṃ rūpsa klāya marsāne ke○ne mrakwe yopsane \|\| tane rudraśarme brāhmaṇe • portsaisa u[tta](·)[e] (−)ṣkeṃ eṅkormeṃ tsak[a]tsai
a4	keṃtsa orkantai yärttane \|\| tu ○ lyelyakormeṃ vṛkṣavāsike ñakte śle māṃtsalyñe śanoś wes̝s̝aṃ lar[i](– –)l[k]a nai mā ṣekaṃñe
a5	wäntarwats_\ sparkālye [ā](– –) [p](·)ñcagatine \|\| ykāk cwi śamāne pācer wlo vipṇuntaṃts ra amāskai yāmtsi sū erkatte • (–)k no cwi soṃśke lalaṃ-
a6	ṣkeṃ aināki caimp_\^• brā(– – –)r[t](·)enne śle tremeṃ : pil[ko](·)·ñmālaṣkeṃ lkās̝s̝anme taṅsa sam_\ mñcuṣke lareṃ pātar ramt_\ : mā w[a] ks[a] s̝_\ cwim[p_\]
b1	masketra waste comp_\^• [l](·) (− − − −) [ly]m[i](ṃ) sportotra pācer cwi[mp_\] [ku]rār lūwo [tu] y[ä]knes(·) kw[ä]snātra snai karsto • kwātarne taṅsa śauśaṃ-ne cwī
b2	ykuwa toṃ ykentane wol[o](− −)mw [e]nte lwāsāts ra s̝pa senik_\ comp_\^• kalpas̝s̝aṃ ñśameṃ wätkoṣ kr_ui lkācer ñī sośke : p[ts]ārwaṣṣatne ñi yke-
b3	ne ytārin= empelyai 2 \|\| ś(·)○na ñäkteñña wes̝s̝aṃ makte pācer walo cwi comp_\^• lakle śala kā s̝pa [ñ](· – –)klesu ste \|\| vṛkṣa-
b4	vāsike ñäkte wes̝s̝aṃ pa○ñäktaṃñe perneṣṣe akālksa rinsātene mā traṅko yamasne [p]· (− −)k lakleñ^ä_\ arañce ni-
b5	ttaṃ wesañ no pernesa sū toṃ laklenta lkās̝s̝aṃ \|\| te weweñ(·)rmeṃ ltais_\ ñaktene \|\| om no ñake tott īke postaṃ yne[ma]ne brāhmaṇi uttareṃ
b6	[mñcu]ṣkeṃ ākemane candramukhi lānte yapoyne klāntene • tumeṃ brāhmaṇagrāmne yaipormeṃ akals̝alyi rudramukheṃ purohiteṃ [w]e(·)[ā]

Transcription

a1	k(a)ntwo koynameṃ parna lnaṣṣi-ne \|\| tumeṃ durmukhe brāhmaṇe uttare〈ṃ〉 śamaśkeṃ kärwāṣṣai witsakaisa räskare tsopaṃ-ne siñcai ṣorpor ite (– – –)
a2	mormeṃ auntsante-ne ścīre makästsi • tane ñake uttari śamaś(k)entse kālpsa painemeṃ ette kloyomane alyekä kca warttoṣṣe makūltsa tatrāppa-
a3	-rmeṃ rūpsa klāya {p}ärsā{t}e ke〈ṃ〉ne mrakwe yopsa-ne \|\| tane rudraśarme brāhmaṇe • portsaisa utta(reṃ) (mñcu)ṣkeṃ eṅkormeṃ tsakatsai
a4	keṃtsa orkäntai yärtta-ne \|\| tu lyelyakormeṃ vṛkṣavāsike ñakte śle māṃtsalyñe śanoś weṣṣäṃ lari(ya pā)lka nai mā-ṣekaṃñe
a5	wäntarwats sparkālye ā(ke \|\|) pañcagatine \|\| ykāk cwi śamāne pācer wlo ; vi{ṣ}ṇuntaṃts ra amāskai ; yāmtsi sū erkatte • #_1a (ya)k no cwi soṃśke lalaṃ-
a6	-ṣkeṃ ; aināki caimp brā(hmaṇi ; yä)rt(t)en-ne śle tremeṃ : #_1b pilko(s= ā)ñmālaṣkeṃ lkāṣṣän-me ; taṅsa sam mñcuṣke lareṃ pātär ramt : #_1c mā wa ksa ṣ cwimp
b1	mäsketrä ; waste comp l(aklene 1 kä)lymi(ṃ) sportoträ pācer cwimp ; (ku)rār lūwo tu yäknes(a) ; kwäsnāträ snai-kärsto • #_2a kwātär-ne taṅsa śauśaṃ-ne ; cwī
b2	ykuwa toṃ ykentane ; wolo(ktär –)mw ente #_2b lwāsāts ra ṣpä senik comp kalpäṣṣäṃ ; ñśameṃ wätkoṣ kr_ui lkācer ñī so〈ṃ〉śke : #_2c ptsārwaṣṣat-ne ñi yke-
b3	-ne ; ytārin= empelyai 2 \|\| ś(a)na ñäkteñña weṣṣäṃ makte pācer walo cwi comp lakle śala kā ṣpä ñ(ake lä)klesu ste \|\| vṛkṣa-
b4	-vāsike-ñäkte weṣṣäṃ pañäktäṃñe perneṣṣe akālksa rinsāte-ne mā traṅko yamas-ne p(o) (− −)k(·) läkleñ arañce ni-
b5	-ttaṃ wesäñ no pernesa sū toṃ läklenta lkāṣṣäṃ \|\| te weweñ(o)rmeṃ ltais ñaktene \|\| om no ñake tott īke-postaṃ ynemane brāhmaṇi uttareṃ
b6	mñcuṣkeṃ ākemane candramukhi lānte yapoyne klānte-ne • tumeṃ brāhmaṇagrāmne yaipormeṃ akalṣälyi rudramukheṃ purohiteṃ we(ñ)ā-
...	-(re)

Translation

a1	[His] tongue was hanging [lit. going] out of his mouth. Thereupon the Brahmin Durmukha jabs the boy Uttara sharply with a reed root. After they had (put?) a ... [piece of] cloth (?) (onto his eyes/legs?),
a2	they began to chase him hard. Because of the boy Uttara’s [mis]treatment—collapsing from [his] feet he fell, when he had tripped over some forest root,
a3	onto his face—mud sputtered there from the ground [and] permeated it [= the face/cloth?]. Thereupon the Brahmin Rudraśarma grabbed the (pri)nce Utta(ra) by the ... [and] dragged him to and fro across the
a4	thorny ground. Having seen this, a Tree god spoke with sorrow to his wife: “[My] love! Behold the inconstancy
a5	of things [and their] non-lasting end!” \|\| In [the tune] pañcagati \|\| Still [his] father, the king, is alive. It is with difficulty [only] that he may be treated disdainfully, even by Viṣṇus. [And] yet his tender little son
a6	those dastardly Brahmins drag [about] with furor. With a look begging for compassion that prince looks at them, full of love, as [he would look at] his dear father, but not a single one of them is to him
b1	protection in that s(uffering)! 1. In [every] (di)rection his father turns; like a sea eagle he is keening incessantly. Full of love he calls him [and] cries for him. Where
b2	he [= the king] tarr(ies) (walking?) to the places treaded by him [= Uttara], he even entrusts onto the animals [saying]: "if you see my little son that has been separated from me, do comfort him in my stead
b3	on [his] terrible road!” 2. The Goddess speaks: “The father, the king, himself has brought to him this suffering: Why is he unhappy now?”
b4	The Tree-god speaks: “Because of his wish for the dignity of a Buddha he has given him up. Do not blame him! Because of pain ... [his] heart is breaking com(pletely?).
b5	But [it is] for [all] our sakes he endures [lit. sees] such suffering.” Having said this, the two gods went away. There, however, the Brahmins, going step by step in the meantime, leading the prince Uttara,
b6	now brought him to the land of the king Candramukha. Thereupon the pupils, having entered the Brahmin village, spok(e) to the Purohita Rudramukha:

Philological commentary

Continues THT 87, continued on THT 89 after a gap the length of a leaf. The translation basically follows Schmidt KT 2001: 316-8.

Some signs have been copied without diligence, e.g., märsā-ne for pärsāte in a3, sparkālye for spärkālye, śamāne for śāmane, and vipṇuntaṃts for vipṇuntaṃts in a5, lwāsāts for lwasāṃts in b2, ākemane for akemane in b6, etc.; often anusvāra is misssing, geminates are spelled with a single consonant or clusters are simplified (yamas-ne for yamast-ne in b4). The meter is also often incorrect.

a1-a2 A parallel passage now suggests a kind of textile or garment for the meaning of ṣorpor (not "bowl", which is the traditional interpretation triggered by ite "full"), see Schmidt KT 2001: 316 with fn. 93 and 94 and Pinault 2004a: 259. Due to the broken context and due to the fact that the hapax siñcai is not clear, the passage is not entirely certain. Schmidt KT 2001: 316 (who then must have had access to the now lost piece) wants to read in[eś] (eṃṣ)[k](e yā)mormeṃ instead of i[t]e and translates "after they had (pul)led(?) down a ... hood (?) into [his] ey(es)". Whether this is correct can only be verified when the missing piece has been found; note that ‹na› and ‹ta› are usually kept clearly apart in this manuscript, so that Sieg/Siegling's reading i[t]e, should not be dismissed easily, even if the sign [t] was read with some uncertainty. Differently, Pinault 2004a: 259f. restores siñcai ṣorpor ite (cewsa yā)mormeṃ and translates "having put trousers on him completetly provided with thorns", refering to similar punishments known from Indic literatures.

a2 kālp from Skt. kalpa- here means ‘(mis)treatment'. The reading ‹wa› in warttoṣṣe is clear, the form seems to be a mistake for wärttoṣṣe. There are many misspellings in this fragment.

a3 The function of the dot after brāhmaṇe is unclear and probably just a mistake.

a5-b3 According to Sieg/Siegling, the meter has 21|21|18|13 syllables (a+b: 8/7/6; c: 9/9; d: 7/6). Very often the pādas have incorrect numbers of syllables.

a6 Pāda 1c has one syllable too many.

b1 The second colon of pāda 2a has one syllable too many; Thomas TochSprR(B)2: 242 suggests to read tu-yknes(a). Sieg/Siegling read śauśaṃ-ne in pāda 2b; since the original fragment is missing, it is difficult to judge whether this is a typo for śauśäṃ-ne or a misspelling in the manuscript.

b2 The verbal form wolo(kträ) has already been restored by Krause, WTG: 286. Schmidt KT 2001: 317 with fn. 100 claims that in the akṣara 〈mw〉 the 〈w〉 had been erased on purpose; he also reads and restores (tu)-maṃnte or (tu)-maṃnte "from there onwards"; however, this is impossible because the adverb mante in the meaning "from ... onwards" requires the ablativ, while the compound with the neuter te pronoun has the second member mant (te-mant "in this way"), never °mante. To be sure, the 〈w〉 may also simply be faint due to damage to the manuscript; as for the vowel above the akṣara, I also follow Sieg/Siegling in reading [e], because the sign as been attached on the left side over the 〈m〉, while an anusvāra ṃ would have been placed right in the middle over the sign. I follow the separation ente "where, if" propsoed by Stumpf 1971: 135f. °mw then can only be a sandhi form for °mu or °mu; Stumpf proposed yanmo "gehend" = "auf der Wanderung", while Thomas seems to propose an adverb "traurig".

b2 Both cola of pāda 2c have one syllable too many.

b3 The second colon of pāda 2d is one syllable too short, the missing syllable may be restored by restoring the sandhi form ytārine.

Linguistic commentary

a4 Here we seem to have a phrase vṛkṣavāsike ñakte (lit. "a god inhabiting a tree"), while in b4 the Tree-god is a compound vṛkṣavāsike-ñäkte of the type kauṃ-ñäkte 'Sun-god'. But note that ñakte may also be simply a misspelling for ñäkte, since there are many errors in this text.

b1 Note the monophthong -o in snai-kärsto for snai-kärstau; the same monophthongized form is attested in THT 85 a 1, which belongs to the same manuscript, and there it is also at the end of a sentence. Accordingly, the form rather attests to a real monothong and is not simply due to a misspelling.

References

IDP: THT 88, TITUS: THT 88 IDP: THT 1924, TITUS: THT 1924
Edition: Tamai 2007a: №1924
Edition: TochSprR(B) II: 25-26
Complete translation: Couvreur 1954c: 102, Schmidt KT 2001: 316-318
Translation: a1 Thomas 1957: 48f; a1-4 Thomas 1957: 91, Pinault 2004a: 259f.; a2 Thomas 1957: 49, TochSprR(B)2: 241; a2-3 Krause and Thomas, TEB II: 52; a2f Carling 2000: 223, Schmidt KT 1974: 131f, Thomas 1979b: 43; a3 Carling 2000: 80, Thomas 1969: 257, TochSprR(B)2: 241; a3f Carling 2000: 50, 180, Thomas 1957: 196, Thomas 1969: 257; a4 Thomas 1979d: 151; a4-5 Krause and Thomas, TEB II: 52; a5 Krause and Thomas, TEB II: 52, Krause, WTG: 39, Thomas 1952: 34, Thomas 1954: 745, Thomas 1967b: 24, Thomas 1970: 278, TochSprR(B)2: 241; a6 Hackstein 1995: 250, Thomas 1968: 204; b1 Schmidt KT 1974: 383, Thomas 1972: 456; b1-2 Krause and Thomas, TEB II: 52; b1f Schmidt KT 1974: 95, 155f, 276, 279; b2 Carling 2000: 91, TochSprR(B)2: 242; b2-3 Carling 2000: 90, 94, 96; b2f Schmidt KT 1974: 193, 507; b3 Hackstein 1995: 314, Schmidt KT 1974: 390; b3-5 Thomas 1957: 181; b4 Krause and Thomas, TEB II: 53, Krause, WTG: 27, Thomas 1958: 302, Thomas 1969b: 54, Thomas 1975: 310, Thomas 1981: 494, TochSprR(B)2: 242; b5 Carling 2000: 330, Thomas 1967c: 175; b5f Carling 2000: 101, Schmidt KT 1974: 392, Thomas 1957: 91, Thomas 1979b: 45, Thomas 1983: 32; b6 Thomas 1974a: 80

Editors

Melanie Malzahn

Bibliography

Carling 2000

Carling, Gerd, 2000: Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen, Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.

Couvreur 1954c

Couvreur, Walter, 1954c: "Koetsjische literaire fragmenten uit de Berlijnse verzameling (naar aanleiding van Sieg & Siegling’s Tocharische Sprachreste)", Handelingen VIII der Zuidnederlandse Maatschappij voor Taal- en Letterkunde en Geschiedenis, 97-117.

Hackstein 1995

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Tocharisches Elementarbuch, Band II. Texte und Glossar, von Werner Thomas unter Mitwirkung von Wolfgang Krause, Heidelberg: Winter 1964.

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Thomas 1969

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Thomas, Werner, 1979d: "Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen", KZ 93, 150-173.

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Thomas, Werner, 1981: "Indogermanisches in der Syntax des Tocharischen: Zum Ausdruck eines Gebotes und Verbotes", Festschrift der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 481-497.

Thomas 1983

Thomas, Werner, 1983: Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung, Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur (Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1983, 6).

THT

Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien. TITUS. Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection. Transcriptions prepared by Christiane Schaefer, transliterations by Tatsushi Tamai and transliterations by Katharina Kupfer. Edited by Jost Gippert, Katharina Kupfer, and Tatsushi Tamai, Frankfurt am Main, 2000-2007; at: http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm

TochSprR(B) II

TochSprR(B) II: Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, hg. v. †E. Sieg und †W. Siegling, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633, aus dem Nachlaß hg. v. Werner Thomas, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1953.

TochSprR(B)2

Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung, hg. v. †Emil Sieg und †Wilhelm Siegling, neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1983.

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