Past: negative particle + main verb [ej nu-wia-m ‘I didn’t stand’]
Present: negative particle + main verb [bospa ej təmnš-bəʔ ‘we don’t know it either’]
Future: negative auxiliary + main verb in connegative form [e(le)-m nu-ʔ ‘I won’t stand’]
Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.
Type B:
Negative existential naγa- (defective verb)
Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.
verb prohibitive (i-) in imperative form + main verb in imperative form [tăn ii šo-ʔ ‘don’t come’]
| Structure | Construction | Auxiliary Construction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative | A/Fin/NegAux | special negative marker + common strategy | Aux-head Double inflection |
| Conjunctive | A/Fin/NegAux | special negative marker + common strategy | Aux-head |
Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.
Type A2: Kamassian has several negating elements: possessive constructions are negated through the negative existential verb (naγa-). The negative existential verb is not used in the standard negation.
| Type | Construction | |
|---|---|---|
| Genitive Poss. | affirmative | (PoRGen) + PoM(Px) + i- |
| negative | (PoRGen) + PoM(Px) + naγa- |
Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.
| first way | second way | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| standard | non-verbal | existential | locational | possessive | |
| present | ej + lexical verb |
non-v. pred. + naγa |
subject/theme + naγa |
location + naγa |
possessum + naγa |
| past | ej + lexical verb |
no data | no data | no data | no data |
Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.
A list of abbreviations used can be found here.