Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopam | om apokop |
| 2SG: | apokopat | ot apokop |
| 3SG: | apokopeš | ok/ogeš apokop |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑na | ona/ogə̑na apokop |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑da | oda/ogə̑da apokop |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑t | ogə̑t apokop |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopə̑m | šə̑m apokop |
| 2SG: | apokopə̑č́ | šə̑č́ apokop |
| 3SG: | apokopo | ə̑š apokop |
| 1PL: | apokopna | ə̑šna apokop |
| 2PL: | apokopda | ə̑šda apokop |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑č́ | ə̑št apokop |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopə̑nam | apokopə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | apokopə̑nat | apokopə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | apokopə̑n | apokopə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑nna | apokopə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑nda | apokopə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑nə̑t | apokopə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopam ə̑l'e | om apokop ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | apokopat ə̑l'e | ot apokop ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | apokopeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš apokop ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na apokop ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da apokop ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t apokop ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopam ulmaš | om apokop ulmaš |
| 2SG: | apokopat ulmaš | ot apokop ulmaš |
| 3SG: | apokopeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš apokop ulmaš |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na apokop ulmaš |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da apokop ulmaš |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t apokop ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopə̑nam ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | apokopə̑nat ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | apokopə̑n ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑nna ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑nda ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | apokopə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopə̑nam ulmaš | apokopə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | apokopə̑nat ulmaš | apokopə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | apokopə̑n ulmaš | apokopə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | apokopə̑nna ulmaš | apokopə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | apokopə̑nda ulmaš | apokopə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑nə̑t ulmaš | apokopə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | apokop | it apokop |
| 3SG: | apokopšo | ə̑nže apokop |
| 1PL: | (apokopə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na apokop) |
| 2PL: | apokopsa | ida apokop |
| 3PL: | apokopə̑št | ə̑nə̑št apokop |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopnem | ə̑nem apokop |
| 2SG: | apokopnet | ə̑net apokop |
| 3SG: | apokopneže | ə̑než apokop |
| 1PL: | apokopnena | ə̑nena apokop |
| 2PL: | apokopneda | ə̑neda apokop |
| 3PL: | apokopnešt | ə̑nešt apokop |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | apokopnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem apokop ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | apokopnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net apokop ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | apokopneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než apokop ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | apokopnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena apokop ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | apokopneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda apokop ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | apokopnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt apokop ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | apokopnet ulmaš | ə̑net apokop ulmaš |
| 3SG: | apokopneže ulmaš | ə̑než apokop ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | apokopneda ulmaš | ə̑neda apokop ulmaš |
| 3PL: | apokopnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt apokop ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | apokopaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | apokopman |
| Active participle: | apokopšo |
| Passive participle: | apokopmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | apokopšaš |
| Negative participle: | apokopdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | apokopə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | apokopde |
| Gerund of prior action: | apokopmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | apokopmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | apokopšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | apokopmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | apokopdə̑maš |
