Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkem | om betonko |
| 2SG: | betonket | ot betonko |
| 3SG: | betonka | ok/ogeš betonko |
| 1PL: | betonkena | ona/ogə̑na betonko |
| 2PL: | betonkeda | oda/ogə̑da betonko |
| 3PL: | betonkat | ogə̑t betonko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m betonko |
| 2SG: | betonkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ betonko |
| 3SG: | betonkə̑š | ə̑š betonko |
| 1PL: | betonkə̑šna | ə̑šna betonko |
| 2PL: | betonkə̑šda | ə̑šda betonko |
| 3PL: | betonkə̑št | ə̑št betonko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkenam | betonken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | betonkenat | betonken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | betonken | betonken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | betonkenna | betonken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | betonkenda | betonken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | betonkenə̑t | betonken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkem ə̑l'e | om betonko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | betonket ə̑l'e | ot betonko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | betonka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš betonko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | betonkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na betonko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | betonkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da betonko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | betonkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t betonko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkem ulmaš | om betonko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | betonket ulmaš | ot betonko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | betonka ulmaš | ok/ogeš betonko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | betonkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na betonko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | betonkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da betonko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | betonkat ulmaš | ogə̑t betonko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkenam ə̑l'e | betonken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | betonkenat ə̑l'e | betonken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | betonken ə̑l'e | betonken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | betonkenna ə̑l'e | betonken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | betonkenda ə̑l'e | betonken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | betonken ə̑l'e | betonken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkenam ulmaš | betonken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | betonkenat ulmaš | betonken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | betonken ulmaš | betonken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | betonkenna ulmaš | betonken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | betonkenda ulmaš | betonken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | betonken ulmaš | betonken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | betonko | it betonko |
| 3SG: | betonkə̑žo | ə̑nže betonko |
| 1PL: | (betonkena) | (ona/ogə̑na betonko) |
| 2PL: | betonkə̑za | ida betonko |
| 3PL: | betonkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št betonko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkə̑nem | ə̑nem betonko |
| 2SG: | betonkə̑net | ə̑net betonko |
| 3SG: | betonkə̑neže | ə̑než betonko |
| 1PL: | betonkə̑nena | ə̑nena betonko |
| 2PL: | betonkə̑neda | ə̑neda betonko |
| 3PL: | betonkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt betonko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | betonkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem betonko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | betonkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net betonko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | betonkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než betonko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | betonkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena betonko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | betonkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda betonko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | betonkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt betonko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | betonkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net betonko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | betonkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než betonko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | betonkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda betonko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | betonkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt betonko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | betonkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | betonkə̑man |
| Active participle: | betonkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | betonkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | betonkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | betonkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | betonken |
| Negative gerund: | betonkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | betonkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | betonkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | betonkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | betonkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | betonkə̑də̑maš |
