Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakam | om βolgaka |
| 2SG: | βolgakat | ot βolgaka |
| 3SG: | βolgakaš | ok/ogeš βolgaka |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na βolgaka |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da βolgaka |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑t | ogə̑t βolgaka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakaə̑m | šə̑m βolgaka |
| 2SG: | βolgakaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βolgaka |
| 3SG: | βolgakaje | ə̑š βolgaka |
| 1PL: | βolgakana | ə̑šna βolgaka |
| 2PL: | βolgakada | ə̑šda βolgaka |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑č́ | ə̑št βolgaka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakaə̑nam | βolgakaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βolgakaə̑nat | βolgakaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βolgakaə̑n | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑nna | βolgakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑nda | βolgakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑nə̑t | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakam ə̑l'e | om βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βolgakat ə̑l'e | ot βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βolgakaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βolgaka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakam ulmaš | om βolgaka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βolgakat ulmaš | ot βolgaka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βolgakaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš βolgaka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βolgaka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βolgaka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t βolgaka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakaə̑nam ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βolgakaə̑nat ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βolgakaə̑n ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑nna ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑nda ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakaə̑nam ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βolgakaə̑nat ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βolgakaə̑n ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βolgakaə̑nna ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βolgakaə̑nda ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βolgakaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | βolgakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βolgaka | it βolgaka |
| 3SG: | βolgakaže | ə̑nže βolgaka |
| 1PL: | (βolgakaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na βolgaka) |
| 2PL: | βolgakaza | ida βolgaka |
| 3PL: | βolgakašt | ə̑nə̑št βolgaka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakanem | ə̑nem βolgaka |
| 2SG: | βolgakanet | ə̑net βolgaka |
| 3SG: | βolgakaneže | ə̑než βolgaka |
| 1PL: | βolgakanena | ə̑nena βolgaka |
| 2PL: | βolgakaneda | ə̑neda βolgaka |
| 3PL: | βolgakanešt | ə̑nešt βolgaka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βolgakanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βolgakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βolgakaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βolgakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βolgakaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βolgaka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βolgakanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βolgaka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βolgakanet ulmaš | ə̑net βolgaka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βolgakaneže ulmaš | ə̑než βolgaka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βolgakaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βolgaka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βolgakanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βolgaka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βolgakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βolgakaman |
| Active participle: | βolgakaše |
| Passive participle: | βolgakame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βolgakašaš |
| Negative participle: | βolgakadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βolgakaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | βolgakade |
| Gerund of prior action: | βolgakamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βolgakameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βolgakašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βolgakamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βolgakadə̑maš |
