Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafam | om grafa |
| 2SG: | grafat | ot grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaš | ok/ogeš grafa |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na grafa |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da grafa |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑t | ogə̑t grafa |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafaə̑m | šə̑m grafa |
| 2SG: | grafaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaje | ə̑š grafa |
| 1PL: | grafana | ə̑šna grafa |
| 2PL: | grafada | ə̑šda grafa |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑č́ | ə̑št grafa |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafaə̑nam | grafaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | grafaə̑nat | grafaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | grafaə̑n | grafaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑nna | grafaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑nda | grafaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑nə̑t | grafaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafam ə̑l'e | om grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafat ə̑l'e | ot grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš grafa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t grafa ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafam ulmaš | om grafa ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafat ulmaš | ot grafa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš grafa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na grafa ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da grafa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t grafa ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafaə̑nam ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafaə̑nat ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafaə̑n ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑nna ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑nda ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | grafaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafaə̑nam ulmaš | grafaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | grafaə̑nat ulmaš | grafaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafaə̑n ulmaš | grafaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | grafaə̑nna ulmaš | grafaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | grafaə̑nda ulmaš | grafaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | grafaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | grafa | it grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaže | ə̑nže grafa |
| 1PL: | (grafaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na grafa) |
| 2PL: | grafaza | ida grafa |
| 3PL: | grafašt | ə̑nə̑št grafa |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafanem | ə̑nem grafa |
| 2SG: | grafanet | ə̑net grafa |
| 3SG: | grafaneže | ə̑než grafa |
| 1PL: | grafanena | ə̑nena grafa |
| 2PL: | grafaneda | ə̑neda grafa |
| 3PL: | grafanešt | ə̑nešt grafa |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | grafanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | grafanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | grafaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než grafa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | grafanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena grafa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | grafaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda grafa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | grafanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt grafa ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | grafanet ulmaš | ə̑net grafa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | grafaneže ulmaš | ə̑než grafa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | grafaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda grafa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | grafanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt grafa ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | grafaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | grafaman |
| Active participle: | grafaše |
| Passive participle: | grafame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | grafašaš |
| Negative participle: | grafadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | grafaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | grafade |
| Gerund of prior action: | grafamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | grafameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | grafašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | grafamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | grafadə̑maš |
