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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | iosifʎan |
Genitive: | iosifʎanən |
Dative: | iosifʎanlan |
Accusative: | iosifʎanəm |
Comparative: | iosifʎanla |
Comitative: | iosifʎange |
Inessive: | iosifʎanəʃte |
Illative: | iosifʎanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | iosifʎaneʃ |
1SG: | iosifʎanem |
2SG: | iosifʎanet |
3SG: | iosifʎanʒe |
1PL: | iosifʎanːa |
2PL: | iosifʎanda |
3PL: | iosifʎanəʃt |
Plural (1): | iosifʎan-βlak |
Plural (2): | iosifʎan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | iosifʎanla |
Sociative Plural: | iosifʎanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | iosifʎanem | iosifʎan-βlak | iosifʎan-βlakem, iosifʎanem-βlak |
Genitive: | iosifʎanemən | iosifʎan-βlakən | iosifʎan-βlakemən, iosifʎanem-βlakən |
Dative: | iosifʎanemlan, iosifʎanlanem | iosifʎan-βlaklan | iosifʎan-βlakemlan, iosifʎanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | iosifʎaneməm | iosifʎan-βlakəm | iosifʎan-βlakeməm, iosifʎanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | iosifʎanemla, iosifʎanlam | iosifʎan-βlakla | iosifʎan-βlakemla, iosifʎanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | iosifʎanemge | iosifʎan-βlakge | iosifʎan-βlakemge, iosifʎanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | iosifʎanəʃtem | iosifʎan-βlakəʃte | iosifʎan-βlakəʃtem, iosifʎanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | iosifʎanəʃkem | iosifʎan-βlakəʃ(ke) | iosifʎan-βlakəʃkem, iosifʎanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | iosifʎaneʃem | iosifʎan-βlakeʃ | iosifʎan-βlakeʃem, iosifʎanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 10 August 2023 |