Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanam | om ispan |
| 2SG: | ispanat | ot ispan |
| 3SG: | ispaneš | ok/ogeš ispan |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ispan |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ispan |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑t | ogə̑t ispan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispańə̑m | šə̑m ispan |
| 2SG: | ispańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ispan |
| 3SG: | ispańe | ə̑š ispan |
| 1PL: | ispanna | ə̑šna ispan |
| 2PL: | ispanda | ə̑šda ispan |
| 3PL: | ispańə̑č́ | ə̑št ispan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanə̑nam | ispanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ispanə̑nat | ispanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ispanə̑n | ispanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑nna | ispanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑nda | ispanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑nə̑t | ispanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanam ə̑l'e | om ispan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ispanat ə̑l'e | ot ispan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ispaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ispan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ispan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ispan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ispan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanam ulmaš | om ispan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ispanat ulmaš | ot ispan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ispaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ispan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ispan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ispan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ispan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanə̑nam ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ispanə̑nat ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ispanə̑n ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑nna ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑nda ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | ispanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispanə̑nam ulmaš | ispanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ispanə̑nat ulmaš | ispanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ispanə̑n ulmaš | ispanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ispanə̑nna ulmaš | ispanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ispanə̑nda ulmaš | ispanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | ispanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ispan | it ispan |
| 3SG: | ispanže | ə̑nže ispan |
| 1PL: | (ispanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ispan) |
| 2PL: | ispanza | ida ispan |
| 3PL: | ispanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ispan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispannem | ə̑nem ispan |
| 2SG: | ispannet | ə̑net ispan |
| 3SG: | ispanneže | ə̑než ispan |
| 1PL: | ispannena | ə̑nena ispan |
| 2PL: | ispanneda | ə̑neda ispan |
| 3PL: | ispannešt | ə̑nešt ispan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ispannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ispan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ispannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ispan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ispanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ispan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ispannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ispan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ispanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ispan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ispannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ispan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ispannet ulmaš | ə̑net ispan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ispanneže ulmaš | ə̑než ispan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ispanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda ispan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ispannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ispan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ispanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ispanman |
| Active participle: | ispanše |
| Passive participle: | ispanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ispanšaš |
| Negative participle: | ispandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ispanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | ispande |
| Gerund of prior action: | ispanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ispanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ispanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ispanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | ispandə̑maš |
