Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgam | om joškarsaŋga |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgat | ot joškarsaŋga |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaš | ok/ogeš joškarsaŋga |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joškarsaŋga |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joškarsaŋga |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑t | ogə̑t joškarsaŋga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑m | šə̑m joškarsaŋga |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joškarsaŋga |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaje | ə̑š joškarsaŋga |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgana | ə̑šna joškarsaŋga |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgada | ə̑šda joškarsaŋga |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑č́ | ə̑št joškarsaŋga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nam | joškarsaŋgaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nat | joškarsaŋgaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑n | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nna | joškarsaŋgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nda | joškarsaŋgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nə̑t | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgam ə̑l'e | om joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgat ə̑l'e | ot joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgam ulmaš | om joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgat ulmaš | ot joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nam ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nat ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nna ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nda ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nam ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nat ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nna ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nda ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joškarsaŋgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋga | it joškarsaŋga |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋgaže | ə̑nže joškarsaŋga |
| 1PL: | (joškarsaŋgaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joškarsaŋga) |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋgaza | ida joškarsaŋga |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋgašt | ə̑nə̑št joškarsaŋga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋganem | ə̑nem joškarsaŋga |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋganet | ə̑net joškarsaŋga |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋganeže | ə̑než joškarsaŋga |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋganena | ə̑nena joškarsaŋga |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋganeda | ə̑neda joškarsaŋga |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋganešt | ə̑nešt joškarsaŋga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joškarsaŋganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškarsaŋganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joškarsaŋga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškarsaŋganet ulmaš | ə̑net joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškarsaŋganeže ulmaš | ə̑než joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joškarsaŋganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškarsaŋganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joškarsaŋga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joškarsaŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joškarsaŋgaman |
| Active participle: | joškarsaŋgaše |
| Passive participle: | joškarsaŋgame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joškarsaŋgašaš |
| Negative participle: | joškarsaŋgadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joškarsaŋgaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joškarsaŋgade |
| Gerund of prior action: | joškarsaŋgamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joškarsaŋgameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joškarsaŋgašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joškarsaŋgamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joškarsaŋgadə̑maš |
