Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkatam | om joštkata |
| 2SG: | joštkatat | ot joštkata |
| 3SG: | joštkataš | ok/ogeš joštkata |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joštkata |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joštkata |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑t | ogə̑t joštkata |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkataə̑m | šə̑m joštkata |
| 2SG: | joštkataə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joštkata |
| 3SG: | joštkataje | ə̑š joštkata |
| 1PL: | joštkatana | ə̑šna joštkata |
| 2PL: | joštkatada | ə̑šda joštkata |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑č́ | ə̑št joštkata |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkataə̑nam | joštkataə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joštkataə̑nat | joštkataə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joštkataə̑n | joštkataə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑nna | joštkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑nda | joštkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑nə̑t | joštkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkatam ə̑l'e | om joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joštkatat ə̑l'e | ot joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joštkataš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joštkata ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkatam ulmaš | om joštkata ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joštkatat ulmaš | ot joštkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joštkataš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joštkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joštkata ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joštkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joštkata ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkataə̑nam ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joštkataə̑nat ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joštkataə̑n ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑nna ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑nda ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joštkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkataə̑nam ulmaš | joštkataə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joštkataə̑nat ulmaš | joštkataə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joštkataə̑n ulmaš | joštkataə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joštkataə̑nna ulmaš | joštkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joštkataə̑nda ulmaš | joštkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joštkataə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joštkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joštkata | it joštkata |
| 3SG: | joštkataže | ə̑nže joštkata |
| 1PL: | (joštkataə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joštkata) |
| 2PL: | joštkataza | ida joštkata |
| 3PL: | joštkatašt | ə̑nə̑št joštkata |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkatanem | ə̑nem joštkata |
| 2SG: | joštkatanet | ə̑net joštkata |
| 3SG: | joštkataneže | ə̑než joštkata |
| 1PL: | joštkatanena | ə̑nena joštkata |
| 2PL: | joštkataneda | ə̑neda joštkata |
| 3PL: | joštkatanešt | ə̑nešt joštkata |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | joštkatanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joštkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joštkataneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joštkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joštkataneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joštkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joštkatanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joštkata ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joštkatanet ulmaš | ə̑net joštkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joštkataneže ulmaš | ə̑než joštkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joštkataneda ulmaš | ə̑neda joštkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joštkatanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joštkata ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joštkataš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joštkataman |
| Active participle: | joštkataše |
| Passive participle: | joštkatame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joštkatašaš |
| Negative participle: | joštkatadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joštkataə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joštkatade |
| Gerund of prior action: | joštkatamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joštkatameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joštkatašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joštkatamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joštkatadə̑maš |
