Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmam | om kaβakma |
| 2SG: | kaβakmat | ot kaβakma |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaš | ok/ogeš kaβakma |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kaβakma |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kaβakma |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑t | ogə̑t kaβakma |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmaə̑m | šə̑m kaβakma |
| 2SG: | kaβakmaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaβakma |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaje | ə̑š kaβakma |
| 1PL: | kaβakmana | ə̑šna kaβakma |
| 2PL: | kaβakmada | ə̑šda kaβakma |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑č́ | ə̑št kaβakma |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmaə̑nam | kaβakmaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaβakmaə̑nat | kaβakmaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaə̑n | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑nna | kaβakmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑nda | kaβakmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑nə̑t | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmam ə̑l'e | om kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβakmat ə̑l'e | ot kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaβakma ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmam ulmaš | om kaβakma ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβakmat ulmaš | ot kaβakma ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaβakma ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaβakma ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaβakma ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kaβakma ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβakmaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaə̑n ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmaə̑nam ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβakmaə̑nat ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaə̑n ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβakmaə̑nna ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaə̑nda ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβakmaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kaβakmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβakma | it kaβakma |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaže | ə̑nže kaβakma |
| 1PL: | (kaβakmaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kaβakma) |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaza | ida kaβakma |
| 3PL: | kaβakmašt | ə̑nə̑št kaβakma |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmanem | ə̑nem kaβakma |
| 2SG: | kaβakmanet | ə̑net kaβakma |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaneže | ə̑než kaβakma |
| 1PL: | kaβakmanena | ə̑nena kaβakma |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaneda | ə̑neda kaβakma |
| 3PL: | kaβakmanešt | ə̑nešt kaβakma |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakmanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβakmanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβakmanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaβakma ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβakmanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaβakma ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβakmanet ulmaš | ə̑net kaβakma ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakmaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kaβakma ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaβakmaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaβakma ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβakmanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaβakma ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaβakmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaβakmaman |
| Active participle: | kaβakmaše |
| Passive participle: | kaβakmame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaβakmašaš |
| Negative participle: | kaβakmadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaβakmaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaβakmade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaβakmamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaβakmameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaβakmašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaβakmamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaβakmadə̑maš |
