Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakam | om kaβak |
| 2SG: | kaβakat | ot kaβak |
| 3SG: | kaβakeš | ok/ogeš kaβak |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kaβak |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kaβak |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑t | ogə̑t kaβak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakə̑m | šə̑m kaβak |
| 2SG: | kaβakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaβak |
| 3SG: | kaβake | ə̑š kaβak |
| 1PL: | kaβakna | ə̑šna kaβak |
| 2PL: | kaβakda | ə̑šda kaβak |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑č́ | ə̑št kaβak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakə̑nam | kaβakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaβakə̑nat | kaβakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaβakə̑n | kaβakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑nna | kaβakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑nda | kaβakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑nə̑t | kaβakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakam ə̑l'e | om kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβakat ə̑l'e | ot kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaβak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakam ulmaš | om kaβak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβakat ulmaš | ot kaβak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaβak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaβak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaβak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kaβak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakə̑nam ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβakə̑nat ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakə̑n ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑nna ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑nda ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kaβakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβakə̑nam ulmaš | kaβakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβakə̑nat ulmaš | kaβakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakə̑n ulmaš | kaβakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβakə̑nna ulmaš | kaβakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβakə̑nda ulmaš | kaβakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kaβakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβak | it kaβak |
| 3SG: | kaβakše | ə̑nže kaβak |
| 1PL: | (kaβakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kaβak) |
| 2PL: | kaβaksa | ida kaβak |
| 3PL: | kaβakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kaβak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβaknem | ə̑nem kaβak |
| 2SG: | kaβaknet | ə̑net kaβak |
| 3SG: | kaβakneže | ə̑než kaβak |
| 1PL: | kaβaknena | ə̑nena kaβak |
| 2PL: | kaβakneda | ə̑neda kaβak |
| 3PL: | kaβaknešt | ə̑nešt kaβak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaβak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaβak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβaknet ulmaš | ə̑net kaβak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβakneže ulmaš | ə̑než kaβak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaβakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaβak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaβak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaβakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaβakman |
| Active participle: | kaβakše |
| Passive participle: | kaβakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaβakšaš |
| Negative participle: | kaβakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaβakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaβakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaβakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaβakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaβakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaβakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaβakdə̑maš |
