Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznam | om kazna |
| 2SG: | kaznat | ot kazna |
| 3SG: | kaznaš | ok/ogeš kazna |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kazna |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kazna |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑t | ogə̑t kazna |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznaə̑m | šə̑m kazna |
| 2SG: | kaznaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kazna |
| 3SG: | kaznaje | ə̑š kazna |
| 1PL: | kaznana | ə̑šna kazna |
| 2PL: | kaznada | ə̑šda kazna |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑č́ | ə̑št kazna |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznaə̑nam | kaznaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaznaə̑nat | kaznaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaznaə̑n | kaznaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑nna | kaznaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑nda | kaznaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑nə̑t | kaznaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznam ə̑l'e | om kazna ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaznat ə̑l'e | ot kazna ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaznaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kazna ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kazna ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kazna ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kazna ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznam ulmaš | om kazna ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaznat ulmaš | ot kazna ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaznaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kazna ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kazna ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kazna ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kazna ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaznaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaznaə̑n ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kaznaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznaə̑nam ulmaš | kaznaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaznaə̑nat ulmaš | kaznaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaznaə̑n ulmaš | kaznaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaznaə̑nna ulmaš | kaznaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaznaə̑nda ulmaš | kaznaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaznaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kaznaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kazna | it kazna |
| 3SG: | kaznaže | ə̑nže kazna |
| 1PL: | (kaznaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kazna) |
| 2PL: | kaznaza | ida kazna |
| 3PL: | kaznašt | ə̑nə̑št kazna |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznanem | ə̑nem kazna |
| 2SG: | kaznanet | ə̑net kazna |
| 3SG: | kaznaneže | ə̑než kazna |
| 1PL: | kaznanena | ə̑nena kazna |
| 2PL: | kaznaneda | ə̑neda kazna |
| 3PL: | kaznanešt | ə̑nešt kazna |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaznanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kazna ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaznanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kazna ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaznaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kazna ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaznanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kazna ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaznaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kazna ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaznanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kazna ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaznanet ulmaš | ə̑net kazna ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaznaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kazna ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaznaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kazna ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaznanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kazna ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaznaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaznaman |
| Active participle: | kaznaše |
| Passive participle: | kazname |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaznašaš |
| Negative participle: | kaznadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaznaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaznade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaznamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaznameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaznašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaznamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaznadə̑maš |
