Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganam | om kalgan |
| 2SG: | kalganat | ot kalgan |
| 3SG: | kalganeš | ok/ogeš kalgan |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalgan |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalgan |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑t | ogə̑t kalgan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalgańə̑m | šə̑m kalgan |
| 2SG: | kalgańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalgan |
| 3SG: | kalgańe | ə̑š kalgan |
| 1PL: | kalganna | ə̑šna kalgan |
| 2PL: | kalganda | ə̑šda kalgan |
| 3PL: | kalgańə̑č́ | ə̑št kalgan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganə̑nam | kalganə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalganə̑nat | kalganə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalganə̑n | kalganə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑nna | kalganə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑nda | kalganə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑nə̑t | kalganə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganam ə̑l'e | om kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalganat ə̑l'e | ot kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalganeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalgan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganam ulmaš | om kalgan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalganat ulmaš | ot kalgan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalganeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalgan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalgan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalgan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalgan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalganə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalganə̑n ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalganə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalganə̑nam ulmaš | kalganə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalganə̑nat ulmaš | kalganə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalganə̑n ulmaš | kalganə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalganə̑nna ulmaš | kalganə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalganə̑nda ulmaš | kalganə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalganə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalgan | it kalgan |
| 3SG: | kalganže | ə̑nže kalgan |
| 1PL: | (kalganə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalgan) |
| 2PL: | kalganza | ida kalgan |
| 3PL: | kalganə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalgan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalgannem | ə̑nem kalgan |
| 2SG: | kalgannet | ə̑net kalgan |
| 3SG: | kalganneže | ə̑než kalgan |
| 1PL: | kalgannena | ə̑nena kalgan |
| 2PL: | kalganneda | ə̑neda kalgan |
| 3PL: | kalgannešt | ə̑nešt kalgan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kalgannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalgannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalganneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalgannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalganneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalgan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalgannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalgan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalgannet ulmaš | ə̑net kalgan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalganneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalgan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalganneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalgan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalgannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalgan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalganaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalganman |
| Active participle: | kalganše |
| Passive participle: | kalganme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalganšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalgandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalganə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalgande |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalganmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalganmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalganšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalganmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalgandə̑maš |
