Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam | om kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltat | ot kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaš | ok/ogeš kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑t | ogə̑t kalta |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaə̑m | šə̑m kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaje | ə̑š kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltana | ə̑šna kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltada | ə̑šda kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑č́ | ə̑št kalta |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaə̑nam | kaltaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaltaə̑nat | kaltaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaltaə̑n | kaltaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑nna | kaltaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑nda | kaltaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑nə̑t | kaltaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam ə̑l'e | om kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltat ə̑l'e | ot kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalta ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltam ulmaš | om kalta ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltat ulmaš | ot kalta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalta ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalta ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaə̑n ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kaltaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltaə̑nam ulmaš | kaltaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaltaə̑nat ulmaš | kaltaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaə̑n ulmaš | kaltaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaltaə̑nna ulmaš | kaltaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaltaə̑nda ulmaš | kaltaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kaltaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalta | it kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaže | ə̑nže kalta |
| 1PL: | (kaltaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalta) |
| 2PL: | kaltaza | ida kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltašt | ə̑nə̑št kalta |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanem | ə̑nem kalta |
| 2SG: | kaltanet | ə̑net kalta |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže | ə̑než kalta |
| 1PL: | kaltanena | ə̑nena kalta |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda | ə̑neda kalta |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt | ə̑nešt kalta |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaltanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaltanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaltanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalta ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaltanet ulmaš | ə̑net kalta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaltaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaltaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaltanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalta ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaltaman |
| Active participle: | kaltaše |
| Passive participle: | kaltame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaltašaš |
| Negative participle: | kaltadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaltaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaltade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaltamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaltameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaltašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaltamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaltadə̑maš |
