Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakam | om karaka |
| 2SG: | karakat | ot karaka |
| 3SG: | karakaš | ok/ogeš karaka |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karaka |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karaka |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑t | ogə̑t karaka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakaə̑m | šə̑m karaka |
| 2SG: | karakaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karaka |
| 3SG: | karakaje | ə̑š karaka |
| 1PL: | karakana | ə̑šna karaka |
| 2PL: | karakada | ə̑šda karaka |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑č́ | ə̑št karaka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakaə̑nam | karakaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karakaə̑nat | karakaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karakaə̑n | karakaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑nna | karakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑nda | karakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑nə̑t | karakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakam ə̑l'e | om karaka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karakat ə̑l'e | ot karaka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karakaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karaka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karaka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karaka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karaka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakam ulmaš | om karaka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karakat ulmaš | ot karaka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karakaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karaka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karaka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karaka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karaka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakaə̑nam ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karakaə̑nat ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karakaə̑n ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑nna ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑nda ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | karakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakaə̑nam ulmaš | karakaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karakaə̑nat ulmaš | karakaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karakaə̑n ulmaš | karakaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karakaə̑nna ulmaš | karakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karakaə̑nda ulmaš | karakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karakaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | karakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karaka | it karaka |
| 3SG: | karakaže | ə̑nže karaka |
| 1PL: | (karakaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karaka) |
| 2PL: | karakaza | ida karaka |
| 3PL: | karakašt | ə̑nə̑št karaka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakanem | ə̑nem karaka |
| 2SG: | karakanet | ə̑net karaka |
| 3SG: | karakaneže | ə̑než karaka |
| 1PL: | karakanena | ə̑nena karaka |
| 2PL: | karakaneda | ə̑neda karaka |
| 3PL: | karakanešt | ə̑nešt karaka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karakanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karaka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karaka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karakaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karaka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karaka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karakaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karaka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karakanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karaka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karakanet ulmaš | ə̑net karaka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karakaneže ulmaš | ə̑než karaka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karakaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda karaka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karakanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karaka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karakaman |
| Active participle: | karakaše |
| Passive participle: | karakame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karakašaš |
| Negative participle: | karakadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karakaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | karakade |
| Gerund of prior action: | karakamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karakameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karakašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karakamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | karakadə̑maš |
