Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpam | om karp |
| 2SG: | karpat | ot karp |
| 3SG: | karpeš | ok/ogeš karp |
| 1PL: | karpə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karp |
| 2PL: | karpə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karp |
| 3PL: | karpə̑t | ogə̑t karp |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpə̑m | šə̑m karp |
| 2SG: | karpə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karp |
| 3SG: | karpe | ə̑š karp |
| 1PL: | karpna | ə̑šna karp |
| 2PL: | karpda | ə̑šda karp |
| 3PL: | karpə̑č́ | ə̑št karp |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpə̑nam | karpə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karpə̑nat | karpə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karpə̑n | karpə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karpə̑nna | karpə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karpə̑nda | karpə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karpə̑nə̑t | karpə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpam ə̑l'e | om karp ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karpat ə̑l'e | ot karp ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karpeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karp ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karpə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karp ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karpə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karp ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karpə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karp ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpam ulmaš | om karp ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karpat ulmaš | ot karp ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karpeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karp ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karpə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karp ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karpə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karp ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karpə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karp ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpə̑nam ə̑l'e | karpə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karpə̑nat ə̑l'e | karpə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karpə̑n ə̑l'e | karpə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karpə̑nna ə̑l'e | karpə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karpə̑nda ə̑l'e | karpə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karpə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | karpə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpə̑nam ulmaš | karpə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karpə̑nat ulmaš | karpə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karpə̑n ulmaš | karpə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karpə̑nna ulmaš | karpə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karpə̑nda ulmaš | karpə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karpə̑nə̑t ulmaš | karpə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karp | it karp |
| 3SG: | karpše | ə̑nže karp |
| 1PL: | (karpə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karp) |
| 2PL: | karpsa | ida karp |
| 3PL: | karpə̑št | ə̑nə̑št karp |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpnem | ə̑nem karp |
| 2SG: | karpnet | ə̑net karp |
| 3SG: | karpneže | ə̑než karp |
| 1PL: | karpnena | ə̑nena karp |
| 2PL: | karpneda | ə̑neda karp |
| 3PL: | karpnešt | ə̑nešt karp |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karpnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karp ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karpnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karp ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karpneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karp ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karpnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karp ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karpneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karp ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karpnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karp ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karpnet ulmaš | ə̑net karp ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karpneže ulmaš | ə̑než karp ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karpneda ulmaš | ə̑neda karp ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karpnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karp ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karpaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karpman |
| Active participle: | karpše |
| Passive participle: | karpme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karpšaš |
| Negative participle: | karpdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karpə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | karpde |
| Gerund of prior action: | karpmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karpmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karpšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karpmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | karpdə̑maš |
