Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakam | om karsak |
| 2SG: | karsakat | ot karsak |
| 3SG: | karsakeš | ok/ogeš karsak |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karsak |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karsak |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑t | ogə̑t karsak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakə̑m | šə̑m karsak |
| 2SG: | karsakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karsak |
| 3SG: | karsake | ə̑š karsak |
| 1PL: | karsakna | ə̑šna karsak |
| 2PL: | karsakda | ə̑šda karsak |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑č́ | ə̑št karsak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakə̑nam | karsakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karsakə̑nat | karsakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karsakə̑n | karsakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑nna | karsakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑nda | karsakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑nə̑t | karsakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakam ə̑l'e | om karsak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karsakat ə̑l'e | ot karsak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karsakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karsak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karsak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karsak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karsak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakam ulmaš | om karsak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karsakat ulmaš | ot karsak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karsakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karsak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karsak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karsak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karsak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakə̑nam ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karsakə̑nat ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karsakə̑n ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑nna ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑nda ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | karsakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsakə̑nam ulmaš | karsakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karsakə̑nat ulmaš | karsakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karsakə̑n ulmaš | karsakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karsakə̑nna ulmaš | karsakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karsakə̑nda ulmaš | karsakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | karsakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karsak | it karsak |
| 3SG: | karsakše | ə̑nže karsak |
| 1PL: | (karsakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karsak) |
| 2PL: | karsaksa | ida karsak |
| 3PL: | karsakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št karsak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsaknem | ə̑nem karsak |
| 2SG: | karsaknet | ə̑net karsak |
| 3SG: | karsakneže | ə̑než karsak |
| 1PL: | karsaknena | ə̑nena karsak |
| 2PL: | karsakneda | ə̑neda karsak |
| 3PL: | karsaknešt | ə̑nešt karsak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karsaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karsak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karsaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karsak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karsakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karsak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karsaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karsak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karsakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karsak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karsaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karsak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karsaknet ulmaš | ə̑net karsak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karsakneže ulmaš | ə̑než karsak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karsakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda karsak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karsaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karsak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karsakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karsakman |
| Active participle: | karsakše |
| Passive participle: | karsakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karsakšaš |
| Negative participle: | karsakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karsakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | karsakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | karsakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karsakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karsakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karsakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | karsakdə̑maš |
