Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgem | om kartaβoŋgo |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋget | ot kartaβoŋgo |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋga | ok/ogeš kartaβoŋgo |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgena | ona/ogə̑na kartaβoŋgo |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgeda | oda/ogə̑da kartaβoŋgo |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgat | ogə̑t kartaβoŋgo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kartaβoŋgo |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kartaβoŋgo |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑š | ə̑š kartaβoŋgo |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑šna | ə̑šna kartaβoŋgo |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑šda | ə̑šda kartaβoŋgo |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑št | ə̑št kartaβoŋgo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgenam | kartaβoŋgen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgenat | kartaβoŋgen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgen | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgenna | kartaβoŋgen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgenda | kartaβoŋgen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgenə̑t | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgem ə̑l'e | om kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋget ə̑l'e | ot kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgem ulmaš | om kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋget ulmaš | ot kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋga ulmaš | ok/ogeš kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgat ulmaš | ogə̑t kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgenam ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgenat ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgen ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgenna ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgenda ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgen ə̑l'e | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgenam ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgenat ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgen ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgenna ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgenda ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgen ulmaš | kartaβoŋgen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgo | it kartaβoŋgo |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑žo | ə̑nže kartaβoŋgo |
| 1PL: | (kartaβoŋgena) | (ona/ogə̑na kartaβoŋgo) |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑za | ida kartaβoŋgo |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kartaβoŋgo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑nem | ə̑nem kartaβoŋgo |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑net | ə̑net kartaβoŋgo |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑neže | ə̑než kartaβoŋgo |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑nena | ə̑nena kartaβoŋgo |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑neda | ə̑neda kartaβoŋgo |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kartaβoŋgo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kartaβoŋgo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kartaβoŋgə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartaβoŋgə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kartaβoŋgo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kartaβoŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kartaβoŋgə̑man |
| Active participle: | kartaβoŋgə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kartaβoŋgə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kartaβoŋgə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kartaβoŋgə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kartaβoŋgen |
| Negative gerund: | kartaβoŋgə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kartaβoŋgə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kartaβoŋgə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kartaβoŋgə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kartaβoŋgə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kartaβoŋgə̑də̑maš |
