Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartam | om kart |
| 2SG: | kartat | ot kart |
| 3SG: | karteš | ok/ogeš kart |
| 1PL: | kartə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kart |
| 2PL: | kartə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kart |
| 3PL: | kartə̑t | ogə̑t kart |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartə̑m | šə̑m kart |
| 2SG: | kartə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kart |
| 3SG: | karte | ə̑š kart |
| 1PL: | kartna | ə̑šna kart |
| 2PL: | kartda | ə̑šda kart |
| 3PL: | kartə̑č́ | ə̑št kart |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartə̑nam | kartə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kartə̑nat | kartə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kartə̑n | kartə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kartə̑nna | kartə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kartə̑nda | kartə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kartə̑nə̑t | kartə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartam ə̑l'e | om kart ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartat ə̑l'e | ot kart ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kart ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kart ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kart ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kart ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartam ulmaš | om kart ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kartat ulmaš | ot kart ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kart ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kartə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kart ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kartə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kart ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kart ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartə̑nam ə̑l'e | kartə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartə̑nat ə̑l'e | kartə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kartə̑n ə̑l'e | kartə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartə̑nna ə̑l'e | kartə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartə̑nda ə̑l'e | kartə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kartə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartə̑nam ulmaš | kartə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kartə̑nat ulmaš | kartə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kartə̑n ulmaš | kartə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kartə̑nna ulmaš | kartə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kartə̑nda ulmaš | kartə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kartə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kart | it kart |
| 3SG: | kartše | ə̑nže kart |
| 1PL: | (kartə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kart) |
| 2PL: | kartsa | ida kart |
| 3PL: | kartə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kart |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartnem | ə̑nem kart |
| 2SG: | kartnet | ə̑net kart |
| 3SG: | kartneže | ə̑než kart |
| 1PL: | kartnena | ə̑nena kart |
| 2PL: | kartneda | ə̑neda kart |
| 3PL: | kartnešt | ə̑nešt kart |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kartnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kart ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kartnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kart ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kartneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kart ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kartnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kart ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kartneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kart ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kartnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kart ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kartnet ulmaš | ə̑net kart ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kartneže ulmaš | ə̑než kart ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kartneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kart ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kartnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kart ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kartaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kartman |
| Active participle: | kartše |
| Passive participle: | kartme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kartšaš |
| Negative participle: | kartdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kartə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kartde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kartmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kartmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kartšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kartmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kartdə̑maš |
