Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuam | om karu |
| 2SG: | karuat | ot karu |
| 3SG: | karueš | ok/ogeš karu |
| 1PL: | karuə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karu |
| 2PL: | karuə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karu |
| 3PL: | karuə̑t | ogə̑t karu |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuə̑m | šə̑m karu |
| 2SG: | karuə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karu |
| 3SG: | karuo | ə̑š karu |
| 1PL: | karuna | ə̑šna karu |
| 2PL: | karuda | ə̑šda karu |
| 3PL: | karuə̑č́ | ə̑št karu |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuə̑nam | karuə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karuə̑nat | karuə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karuə̑n | karuə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karuə̑nna | karuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karuə̑nda | karuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karuə̑nə̑t | karuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuam ə̑l'e | om karu ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karuat ə̑l'e | ot karu ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karueš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karu ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karuə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karu ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karuə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karu ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karuə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karu ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuam ulmaš | om karu ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karuat ulmaš | ot karu ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karueš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karu ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karuə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karu ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karuə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karu ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karuə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karu ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuə̑nam ə̑l'e | karuə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karuə̑nat ə̑l'e | karuə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karuə̑n ə̑l'e | karuə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karuə̑nna ə̑l'e | karuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karuə̑nda ə̑l'e | karuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karuə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | karuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karuə̑nam ulmaš | karuə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karuə̑nat ulmaš | karuə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karuə̑n ulmaš | karuə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karuə̑nna ulmaš | karuə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karuə̑nda ulmaš | karuə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karuə̑nə̑t ulmaš | karuə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karu | it karu |
| 3SG: | karužo | ə̑nže karu |
| 1PL: | (karuə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karu) |
| 2PL: | karuza | ida karu |
| 3PL: | karušt | ə̑nə̑št karu |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karunem | ə̑nem karu |
| 2SG: | karunet | ə̑net karu |
| 3SG: | karuneže | ə̑než karu |
| 1PL: | karunena | ə̑nena karu |
| 2PL: | karuneda | ə̑neda karu |
| 3PL: | karunešt | ə̑nešt karu |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karunem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karu ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karunena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karu ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karuneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karu ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karunena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karu ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karuneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karu ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karunešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karu ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karunet ulmaš | ə̑net karu ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karuneže ulmaš | ə̑než karu ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karuneda ulmaš | ə̑neda karu ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karunešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karu ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karuaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karuman |
| Active participle: | karušo |
| Passive participle: | karumo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karušaš |
| Negative participle: | karudə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karuə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | karude |
| Gerund of prior action: | karumek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karumeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karušə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karumaš |
| Negative nominalization: | karudə̑maš |
