Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam | om kas |
| 2SG: | kasat | ot kas |
| 3SG: | kaseš | ok/ogeš kas |
| 1PL: | kasə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kas |
| 2PL: | kasə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kas |
| 3PL: | kasə̑t | ogə̑t kas |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasə̑m | šə̑m kas |
| 2SG: | kasə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kas |
| 3SG: | kase | ə̑š kas |
| 1PL: | kasna | ə̑šna kas |
| 2PL: | kasda | ə̑šda kas |
| 3PL: | kasə̑č́ | ə̑št kas |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasə̑nam | kasə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kasə̑nat | kasə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kasə̑n | kasə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kasə̑nna | kasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kasə̑nda | kasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kasə̑nə̑t | kasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam ə̑l'e | om kas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasat ə̑l'e | ot kas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaseš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kas ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam ulmaš | om kas ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kasat ulmaš | ot kas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaseš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kasə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kas ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kasə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kas ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasə̑nam ə̑l'e | kasə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasə̑nat ə̑l'e | kasə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kasə̑n ə̑l'e | kasə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasə̑nna ə̑l'e | kasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasə̑nda ə̑l'e | kasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasə̑nam ulmaš | kasə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kasə̑nat ulmaš | kasə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kasə̑n ulmaš | kasə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kasə̑nna ulmaš | kasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kasə̑nda ulmaš | kasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kas | it kas |
| 3SG: | kasše | ə̑nže kas |
| 1PL: | (kasə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kas) |
| 2PL: | kassa | ida kas |
| 3PL: | kasə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kas |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasnem | ə̑nem kas |
| 2SG: | kasnet | ə̑net kas |
| 3SG: | kasneže | ə̑než kas |
| 1PL: | kasnena | ə̑nena kas |
| 2PL: | kasneda | ə̑neda kas |
| 3PL: | kasnešt | ə̑nešt kas |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kasneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kas ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kasnet ulmaš | ə̑net kas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kasneže ulmaš | ə̑než kas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kasneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kas ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kasaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kasman |
| Active participle: | kasše |
| Passive participle: | kasme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kasšaš |
| Negative participle: | kasdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kasə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kasde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kasmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kasmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kasšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kasmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kasdə̑maš |
