Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauram | om kaura |
| 2SG: | kaurat | ot kaura |
| 3SG: | kauraš | ok/ogeš kaura |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kaura |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kaura |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑t | ogə̑t kaura |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauraə̑m | šə̑m kaura |
| 2SG: | kauraə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaura |
| 3SG: | kauraje | ə̑š kaura |
| 1PL: | kaurana | ə̑šna kaura |
| 2PL: | kaurada | ə̑šda kaura |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑č́ | ə̑št kaura |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauraə̑nam | kauraə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kauraə̑nat | kauraə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kauraə̑n | kauraə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑nna | kauraə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑nda | kauraə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑nə̑t | kauraə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauram ə̑l'e | om kaura ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaurat ə̑l'e | ot kaura ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauraš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaura ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaura ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaura ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaura ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauram ulmaš | om kaura ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaurat ulmaš | ot kaura ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauraš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaura ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaura ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaura ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kaura ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauraə̑nam ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kauraə̑nat ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauraə̑n ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑nna ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑nda ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kauraə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauraə̑nam ulmaš | kauraə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kauraə̑nat ulmaš | kauraə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauraə̑n ulmaš | kauraə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kauraə̑nna ulmaš | kauraə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kauraə̑nda ulmaš | kauraə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauraə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kauraə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaura | it kaura |
| 3SG: | kauraže | ə̑nže kaura |
| 1PL: | (kauraə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kaura) |
| 2PL: | kauraza | ida kaura |
| 3PL: | kaurašt | ə̑nə̑št kaura |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauranem | ə̑nem kaura |
| 2SG: | kauranet | ə̑net kaura |
| 3SG: | kauraneže | ə̑než kaura |
| 1PL: | kauranena | ə̑nena kaura |
| 2PL: | kauraneda | ə̑neda kaura |
| 3PL: | kauranešt | ə̑nešt kaura |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauranem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaura ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kauranena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaura ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauraneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaura ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauranena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaura ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauraneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaura ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauranešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaura ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kauranet ulmaš | ə̑net kaura ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauraneže ulmaš | ə̑než kaura ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kauraneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaura ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauranešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaura ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kauraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kauraman |
| Active participle: | kauraše |
| Passive participle: | kaurame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaurašaš |
| Negative participle: | kauradə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kauraə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaurade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kauramek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaurameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaurašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kauramaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kauradə̑maš |
