Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńem | om kauńo |
| 2SG: | kauńet | ot kauńo |
| 3SG: | kauńa | ok/ogeš kauńo |
| 1PL: | kauńena | ona/ogə̑na kauńo |
| 2PL: | kauńeda | oda/ogə̑da kauńo |
| 3PL: | kauńat | ogə̑t kauńo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kauńo |
| 2SG: | kauńə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kauńo |
| 3SG: | kauńə̑š | ə̑š kauńo |
| 1PL: | kauńə̑šna | ə̑šna kauńo |
| 2PL: | kauńə̑šda | ə̑šda kauńo |
| 3PL: | kauńə̑št | ə̑št kauńo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńenam | kauńen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kauńenat | kauńen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kauńen | kauńen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kauńenna | kauńen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kauńenda | kauńen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kauńenə̑t | kauńen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńem ə̑l'e | om kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kauńet ə̑l'e | ot kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauńa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauńena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauńeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauńat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kauńo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńem ulmaš | om kauńo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kauńet ulmaš | ot kauńo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauńa ulmaš | ok/ogeš kauńo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kauńena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kauńo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kauńeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kauńo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauńat ulmaš | ogə̑t kauńo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńenam ə̑l'e | kauńen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kauńenat ə̑l'e | kauńen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauńen ə̑l'e | kauńen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauńenna ə̑l'e | kauńen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauńenda ə̑l'e | kauńen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauńen ə̑l'e | kauńen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńenam ulmaš | kauńen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kauńenat ulmaš | kauńen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauńen ulmaš | kauńen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kauńenna ulmaš | kauńen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kauńenda ulmaš | kauńen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauńen ulmaš | kauńen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kauńo | it kauńo |
| 3SG: | kauńə̑žo | ə̑nže kauńo |
| 1PL: | (kauńena) | (ona/ogə̑na kauńo) |
| 2PL: | kauńə̑za | ida kauńo |
| 3PL: | kauńə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kauńo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńə̑nem | ə̑nem kauńo |
| 2SG: | kauńə̑net | ə̑net kauńo |
| 3SG: | kauńə̑neže | ə̑než kauńo |
| 1PL: | kauńə̑nena | ə̑nena kauńo |
| 2PL: | kauńə̑neda | ə̑neda kauńo |
| 3PL: | kauńə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kauńo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kauńə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kauńə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kauńə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kauńə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kauńə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kauńo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kauńə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kauńo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kauńə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kauńo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kauńə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kauńo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kauńə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kauńo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kauńə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kauńo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kauńaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kauńə̑man |
| Active participle: | kauńə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kauńə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kauńə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kauńə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kauńen |
| Negative gerund: | kauńə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kauńə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kauńə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kauńə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kauńə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kauńə̑də̑maš |
