Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargam | om karga |
| 2SG: | kargat | ot karga |
| 3SG: | kargaš | ok/ogeš karga |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karga |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karga |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑t | ogə̑t karga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargaə̑m | šə̑m karga |
| 2SG: | kargaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karga |
| 3SG: | kargaje | ə̑š karga |
| 1PL: | kargana | ə̑šna karga |
| 2PL: | kargada | ə̑šda karga |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑č́ | ə̑št karga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargaə̑nam | kargaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kargaə̑nat | kargaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kargaə̑n | kargaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑nna | kargaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑nda | kargaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑nə̑t | kargaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargam ə̑l'e | om karga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kargat ə̑l'e | ot karga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kargaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargam ulmaš | om karga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kargat ulmaš | ot karga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kargaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kargaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kargaə̑n ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kargaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kargaə̑nam ulmaš | kargaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kargaə̑nat ulmaš | kargaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kargaə̑n ulmaš | kargaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kargaə̑nna ulmaš | kargaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kargaə̑nda ulmaš | kargaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kargaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kargaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karga | it karga |
| 3SG: | kargaže | ə̑nže karga |
| 1PL: | (kargaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karga) |
| 2PL: | kargaza | ida karga |
| 3PL: | kargašt | ə̑nə̑št karga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karganem | ə̑nem karga |
| 2SG: | karganet | ə̑net karga |
| 3SG: | karganeže | ə̑než karga |
| 1PL: | karganena | ə̑nena karga |
| 2PL: | karganeda | ə̑neda karga |
| 3PL: | karganešt | ə̑nešt karga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | karganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karganet ulmaš | ə̑net karga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karganeže ulmaš | ə̑než karga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda karga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kargaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kargaman |
| Active participle: | kargaše |
| Passive participle: | kargame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kargašaš |
| Negative participle: | kargadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kargaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kargade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kargamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kargameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kargašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kargamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kargadə̑maš |
