Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasam | om kβas |
| 2SG: | kβasat | ot kβas |
| 3SG: | kβaseš | ok/ogeš kβas |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kβas |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kβas |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑t | ogə̑t kβas |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasə̑m | šə̑m kβas |
| 2SG: | kβasə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kβas |
| 3SG: | kβase | ə̑š kβas |
| 1PL: | kβasna | ə̑šna kβas |
| 2PL: | kβasda | ə̑šda kβas |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑č́ | ə̑št kβas |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasə̑nam | kβasə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kβasə̑nat | kβasə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kβasə̑n | kβasə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑nna | kβasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑nda | kβasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑nə̑t | kβasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasam ə̑l'e | om kβas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kβasat ə̑l'e | ot kβas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kβaseš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kβas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kβas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kβas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kβas ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasam ulmaš | om kβas ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kβasat ulmaš | ot kβas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kβaseš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kβas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kβas ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kβas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kβas ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasə̑nam ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kβasə̑nat ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kβasə̑n ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑nna ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑nda ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kβasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasə̑nam ulmaš | kβasə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kβasə̑nat ulmaš | kβasə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kβasə̑n ulmaš | kβasə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kβasə̑nna ulmaš | kβasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kβasə̑nda ulmaš | kβasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kβasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kβas | it kβas |
| 3SG: | kβasše | ə̑nže kβas |
| 1PL: | (kβasə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kβas) |
| 2PL: | kβassa | ida kβas |
| 3PL: | kβasə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kβas |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasnem | ə̑nem kβas |
| 2SG: | kβasnet | ə̑net kβas |
| 3SG: | kβasneže | ə̑než kβas |
| 1PL: | kβasnena | ə̑nena kβas |
| 2PL: | kβasneda | ə̑neda kβas |
| 3PL: | kβasnešt | ə̑nešt kβas |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kβasnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kβas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kβasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kβas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kβasneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kβas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kβasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kβas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kβasneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kβas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kβasnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kβas ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kβasnet ulmaš | ə̑net kβas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kβasneže ulmaš | ə̑než kβas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kβasneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kβas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kβasnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kβas ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kβasaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kβasman |
| Active participle: | kβasše |
| Passive participle: | kβasme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kβasšaš |
| Negative participle: | kβasdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kβasə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kβasde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kβasmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kβasmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kβasšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kβasmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kβasdə̑maš |
