Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmem | om kertme |
| 2SG: | kertmet | ot kertme |
| 3SG: | kertma | ok/ogeš kertme |
| 1PL: | kertmena | ona/ogə̑na kertme |
| 2PL: | kertmeda | oda/ogə̑da kertme |
| 3PL: | kertmat | ogə̑t kertme |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kertme |
| 2SG: | kertmə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kertme |
| 3SG: | kertmə̑š | ə̑š kertme |
| 1PL: | kertmə̑šna | ə̑šna kertme |
| 2PL: | kertmə̑šda | ə̑šda kertme |
| 3PL: | kertmə̑št | ə̑št kertme |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmenam | kertmen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kertmenat | kertmen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kertmen | kertmen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kertmenna | kertmen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kertmenda | kertmen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kertmenə̑t | kertmen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmem ə̑l'e | om kertme ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kertmet ə̑l'e | ot kertme ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kertma ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kertme ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kertmena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kertme ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kertmeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kertme ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kertmat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kertme ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmem ulmaš | om kertme ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kertmet ulmaš | ot kertme ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kertma ulmaš | ok/ogeš kertme ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kertmena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kertme ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kertmeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kertme ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kertmat ulmaš | ogə̑t kertme ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmenam ə̑l'e | kertmen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kertmenat ə̑l'e | kertmen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kertmen ə̑l'e | kertmen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kertmenna ə̑l'e | kertmen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kertmenda ə̑l'e | kertmen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kertmen ə̑l'e | kertmen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmenam ulmaš | kertmen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kertmenat ulmaš | kertmen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kertmen ulmaš | kertmen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kertmenna ulmaš | kertmen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kertmenda ulmaš | kertmen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kertmen ulmaš | kertmen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kertme | it kertme |
| 3SG: | kertmə̑že | ə̑nže kertme |
| 1PL: | (kertmena) | (ona/ogə̑na kertme) |
| 2PL: | kertmə̑za | ida kertme |
| 3PL: | kertmə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kertme |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmə̑nem | ə̑nem kertme |
| 2SG: | kertmə̑net | ə̑net kertme |
| 3SG: | kertmə̑neže | ə̑než kertme |
| 1PL: | kertmə̑nena | ə̑nena kertme |
| 2PL: | kertmə̑neda | ə̑neda kertme |
| 3PL: | kertmə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kertme |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kertmə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kertme ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kertmə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kertme ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kertmə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kertme ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kertmə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kertme ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kertmə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kertme ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kertmə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kertme ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kertmə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kertme ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kertmə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kertme ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kertmə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kertme ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kertmə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kertme ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kertmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kertmə̑man |
| Active participle: | kertmə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kertmə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kertmə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kertmə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kertmen |
| Negative gerund: | kertmə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kertmə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kertmə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kertmə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kertmə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kertmə̑də̑maš |
