Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmam | om kirsalma |
| 2SG: | kirsalmat | ot kirsalma |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaš | ok/ogeš kirsalma |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kirsalma |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kirsalma |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑t | ogə̑t kirsalma |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmaə̑m | šə̑m kirsalma |
| 2SG: | kirsalmaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kirsalma |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaje | ə̑š kirsalma |
| 1PL: | kirsalmana | ə̑šna kirsalma |
| 2PL: | kirsalmada | ə̑šda kirsalma |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑č́ | ə̑št kirsalma |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmaə̑nam | kirsalmaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kirsalmaə̑nat | kirsalmaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaə̑n | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑nna | kirsalmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑nda | kirsalmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑nə̑t | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmam ə̑l'e | om kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kirsalmat ə̑l'e | ot kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kirsalma ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmam ulmaš | om kirsalma ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kirsalmat ulmaš | ot kirsalma ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kirsalma ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kirsalma ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kirsalma ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kirsalma ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kirsalmaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaə̑n ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmaə̑nam ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kirsalmaə̑nat ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaə̑n ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kirsalmaə̑nna ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaə̑nda ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kirsalmaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kirsalmaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kirsalma | it kirsalma |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaže | ə̑nže kirsalma |
| 1PL: | (kirsalmaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kirsalma) |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaza | ida kirsalma |
| 3PL: | kirsalmašt | ə̑nə̑št kirsalma |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmanem | ə̑nem kirsalma |
| 2SG: | kirsalmanet | ə̑net kirsalma |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaneže | ə̑než kirsalma |
| 1PL: | kirsalmanena | ə̑nena kirsalma |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaneda | ə̑neda kirsalma |
| 3PL: | kirsalmanešt | ə̑nešt kirsalma |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kirsalmanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kirsalmanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kirsalmanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kirsalma ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kirsalmanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kirsalma ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kirsalmanet ulmaš | ə̑net kirsalma ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kirsalmaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kirsalma ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kirsalmaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kirsalma ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kirsalmanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kirsalma ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kirsalmaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kirsalmaman |
| Active participle: | kirsalmaše |
| Passive participle: | kirsalmame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kirsalmašaš |
| Negative participle: | kirsalmadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kirsalmaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kirsalmade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kirsalmamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kirsalmameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kirsalmašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kirsalmamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kirsalmadə̑maš |
