Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigam | om kniga |
| 2SG: | knigat | ot kniga |
| 3SG: | knigaš | ok/ogeš kniga |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kniga |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kniga |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑t | ogə̑t kniga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigaə̑m | šə̑m kniga |
| 2SG: | knigaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kniga |
| 3SG: | knigaje | ə̑š kniga |
| 1PL: | knigana | ə̑šna kniga |
| 2PL: | knigada | ə̑šda kniga |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑č́ | ə̑št kniga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigaə̑nam | knigaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | knigaə̑nat | knigaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | knigaə̑n | knigaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑nna | knigaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑nda | knigaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑nə̑t | knigaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigam ə̑l'e | om kniga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | knigat ə̑l'e | ot kniga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | knigaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kniga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kniga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kniga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kniga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigam ulmaš | om kniga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | knigat ulmaš | ot kniga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | knigaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kniga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kniga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kniga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kniga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigaə̑nam ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | knigaə̑nat ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | knigaə̑n ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑nna ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑nda ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | knigaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | knigaə̑nam ulmaš | knigaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | knigaə̑nat ulmaš | knigaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | knigaə̑n ulmaš | knigaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | knigaə̑nna ulmaš | knigaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | knigaə̑nda ulmaš | knigaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | knigaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | knigaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kniga | it kniga |
| 3SG: | knigaže | ə̑nže kniga |
| 1PL: | (knigaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kniga) |
| 2PL: | knigaza | ida kniga |
| 3PL: | knigašt | ə̑nə̑št kniga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kniganem | ə̑nem kniga |
| 2SG: | kniganet | ə̑net kniga |
| 3SG: | kniganeže | ə̑než kniga |
| 1PL: | kniganena | ə̑nena kniga |
| 2PL: | kniganeda | ə̑neda kniga |
| 3PL: | kniganešt | ə̑nešt kniga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kniganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kniga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kniganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kniga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kniganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kniga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kniganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kniga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kniganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kniga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kniganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kniga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kniganet ulmaš | ə̑net kniga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kniganeže ulmaš | ə̑než kniga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kniganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda kniga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kniganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kniga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | knigaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | knigaman |
| Active participle: | knigaše |
| Passive participle: | knigame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | knigašaš |
| Negative participle: | knigadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | knigaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | knigade |
| Gerund of prior action: | knigamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | knigameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | knigašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | knigamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | knigadə̑maš |
