Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajam | om koβaj |
| 2SG: | koβajat | ot koβaj |
| 3SG: | koβaješ | ok/ogeš koβaj |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑na | ona/ogə̑na koβaj |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑da | oda/ogə̑da koβaj |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑t | ogə̑t koβaj |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajə̑m | šə̑m koβaj |
| 2SG: | koβajə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koβaj |
| 3SG: | koβaje | ə̑š koβaj |
| 1PL: | koβajna | ə̑šna koβaj |
| 2PL: | koβajda | ə̑šda koβaj |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑č́ | ə̑št koβaj |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajə̑nam | koβajə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβajə̑nat | koβajə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβajə̑n | koβajə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑nna | koβajə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑nda | koβajə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑nə̑t | koβajə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajam ə̑l'e | om koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβajat ə̑l'e | ot koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβaješ ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koβaj ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajam ulmaš | om koβaj ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβajat ulmaš | ot koβaj ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβaješ ulmaš | ok/ogeš koβaj ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koβaj ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koβaj ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t koβaj ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajə̑nam ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβajə̑nat ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβajə̑n ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑nna ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑nda ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | koβajə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajə̑nam ulmaš | koβajə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβajə̑nat ulmaš | koβajə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβajə̑n ulmaš | koβajə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβajə̑nna ulmaš | koβajə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβajə̑nda ulmaš | koβajə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑nə̑t ulmaš | koβajə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβaj | it koβaj |
| 3SG: | koβajže | ə̑nže koβaj |
| 1PL: | (koβajə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na koβaj) |
| 2PL: | koβajza | ida koβaj |
| 3PL: | koβajə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koβaj |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajnem | ə̑nem koβaj |
| 2SG: | koβajnet | ə̑net koβaj |
| 3SG: | koβajneže | ə̑než koβaj |
| 1PL: | koβajnena | ə̑nena koβaj |
| 2PL: | koβajneda | ə̑neda koβaj |
| 3PL: | koβajnešt | ə̑nešt koβaj |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koβajnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβajnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβajneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβajnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβajneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koβaj ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβajnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koβaj ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβajnet ulmaš | ə̑net koβaj ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβajneže ulmaš | ə̑než koβaj ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koβajneda ulmaš | ə̑neda koβaj ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβajnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koβaj ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koβajaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koβajman |
| Active participle: | koβajše |
| Passive participle: | koβajme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koβajšaš |
| Negative participle: | koβajdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koβajə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | koβajde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koβajmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koβajmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koβajšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koβajmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | koβajdə̑maš |
