Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkam | om kopka |
| 2SG: | kopkat | ot kopka |
| 3SG: | kopkaš | ok/ogeš kopka |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kopka |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kopka |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑t | ogə̑t kopka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkaə̑m | šə̑m kopka |
| 2SG: | kopkaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kopka |
| 3SG: | kopkaje | ə̑š kopka |
| 1PL: | kopkana | ə̑šna kopka |
| 2PL: | kopkada | ə̑šda kopka |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑č́ | ə̑št kopka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkaə̑nam | kopkaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kopkaə̑nat | kopkaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kopkaə̑n | kopkaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑nna | kopkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑nda | kopkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑nə̑t | kopkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkam ə̑l'e | om kopka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kopkat ə̑l'e | ot kopka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kopkaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kopka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kopka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kopka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kopka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkam ulmaš | om kopka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kopkat ulmaš | ot kopka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kopkaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kopka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kopka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kopka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kopka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kopkaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kopkaə̑n ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kopkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkaə̑nam ulmaš | kopkaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kopkaə̑nat ulmaš | kopkaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kopkaə̑n ulmaš | kopkaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kopkaə̑nna ulmaš | kopkaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kopkaə̑nda ulmaš | kopkaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kopkaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kopkaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kopka | it kopka |
| 3SG: | kopkaže | ə̑nže kopka |
| 1PL: | (kopkaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kopka) |
| 2PL: | kopkaza | ida kopka |
| 3PL: | kopkašt | ə̑nə̑št kopka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkanem | ə̑nem kopka |
| 2SG: | kopkanet | ə̑net kopka |
| 3SG: | kopkaneže | ə̑než kopka |
| 1PL: | kopkanena | ə̑nena kopka |
| 2PL: | kopkaneda | ə̑neda kopka |
| 3PL: | kopkanešt | ə̑nešt kopka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kopkanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kopka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kopkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kopka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kopkaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kopka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kopkanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kopka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kopkaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kopka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kopkanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kopka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kopkanet ulmaš | ə̑net kopka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kopkaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kopka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kopkaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kopka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kopkanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kopka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kopkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kopkaman |
| Active participle: | kopkaše |
| Passive participle: | kopkame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kopkašaš |
| Negative participle: | kopkadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kopkaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kopkade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kopkamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kopkameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kopkašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kopkamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kopkadə̑maš |
