Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokam | om koptrok |
| 2SG: | koptrokat | ot koptrok |
| 3SG: | koptrokeš | ok/ogeš koptrok |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑na | ona/ogə̑na koptrok |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑da | oda/ogə̑da koptrok |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑t | ogə̑t koptrok |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokə̑m | šə̑m koptrok |
| 2SG: | koptrokə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koptrok |
| 3SG: | koptroko | ə̑š koptrok |
| 1PL: | koptrokna | ə̑šna koptrok |
| 2PL: | koptrokda | ə̑šda koptrok |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑č́ | ə̑št koptrok |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokə̑nam | koptrokə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koptrokə̑nat | koptrokə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koptrokə̑n | koptrokə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑nna | koptrokə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑nda | koptrokə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑nə̑t | koptrokə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokam ə̑l'e | om koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koptrokat ə̑l'e | ot koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koptrokeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koptrok ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokam ulmaš | om koptrok ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koptrokat ulmaš | ot koptrok ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koptrokeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš koptrok ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koptrok ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koptrok ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t koptrok ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokə̑nam ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koptrokə̑nat ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koptrokə̑n ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑nna ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑nda ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | koptrokə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptrokə̑nam ulmaš | koptrokə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koptrokə̑nat ulmaš | koptrokə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koptrokə̑n ulmaš | koptrokə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koptrokə̑nna ulmaš | koptrokə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koptrokə̑nda ulmaš | koptrokə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑nə̑t ulmaš | koptrokə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koptrok | it koptrok |
| 3SG: | koptrokšo | ə̑nže koptrok |
| 1PL: | (koptrokə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na koptrok) |
| 2PL: | koptroksa | ida koptrok |
| 3PL: | koptrokə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koptrok |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptroknem | ə̑nem koptrok |
| 2SG: | koptroknet | ə̑net koptrok |
| 3SG: | koptrokneže | ə̑než koptrok |
| 1PL: | koptroknena | ə̑nena koptrok |
| 2PL: | koptrokneda | ə̑neda koptrok |
| 3PL: | koptroknešt | ə̑nešt koptrok |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | koptroknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koptroknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koptrokneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koptroknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koptrokneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koptrok ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koptroknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koptrok ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koptroknet ulmaš | ə̑net koptrok ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koptrokneže ulmaš | ə̑než koptrok ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koptrokneda ulmaš | ə̑neda koptrok ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koptroknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koptrok ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koptrokaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koptrokman |
| Active participle: | koptrokšo |
| Passive participle: | koptrokmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koptrokšaš |
| Negative participle: | koptrokdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koptrokə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | koptrokde |
| Gerund of prior action: | koptrokmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koptrokmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koptrokšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koptrokmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | koptrokdə̑maš |
