Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umem | om kost'umo |
| 2SG: | kost'umet | ot kost'umo |
| 3SG: | kost'uma | ok/ogeš kost'umo |
| 1PL: | kost'umena | ona/ogə̑na kost'umo |
| 2PL: | kost'umeda | oda/ogə̑da kost'umo |
| 3PL: | kost'umat | ogə̑t kost'umo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kost'umo |
| 2SG: | kost'umə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kost'umo |
| 3SG: | kost'umə̑š | ə̑š kost'umo |
| 1PL: | kost'umə̑šna | ə̑šna kost'umo |
| 2PL: | kost'umə̑šda | ə̑šda kost'umo |
| 3PL: | kost'umə̑št | ə̑št kost'umo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umenam | kost'umen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kost'umenat | kost'umen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kost'umen | kost'umen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kost'umenna | kost'umen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kost'umenda | kost'umen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kost'umenə̑t | kost'umen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umem ə̑l'e | om kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kost'umet ə̑l'e | ot kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kost'uma ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kost'umena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kost'umeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kost'umat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kost'umo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umem ulmaš | om kost'umo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kost'umet ulmaš | ot kost'umo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kost'uma ulmaš | ok/ogeš kost'umo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kost'umena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kost'umo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kost'umeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kost'umo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kost'umat ulmaš | ogə̑t kost'umo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umenam ə̑l'e | kost'umen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kost'umenat ə̑l'e | kost'umen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kost'umen ə̑l'e | kost'umen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kost'umenna ə̑l'e | kost'umen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kost'umenda ə̑l'e | kost'umen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kost'umen ə̑l'e | kost'umen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umenam ulmaš | kost'umen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kost'umenat ulmaš | kost'umen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kost'umen ulmaš | kost'umen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kost'umenna ulmaš | kost'umen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kost'umenda ulmaš | kost'umen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kost'umen ulmaš | kost'umen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kost'umo | it kost'umo |
| 3SG: | kost'umə̑žo | ə̑nže kost'umo |
| 1PL: | (kost'umena) | (ona/ogə̑na kost'umo) |
| 2PL: | kost'umə̑za | ida kost'umo |
| 3PL: | kost'umə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kost'umo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umə̑nem | ə̑nem kost'umo |
| 2SG: | kost'umə̑net | ə̑net kost'umo |
| 3SG: | kost'umə̑neže | ə̑než kost'umo |
| 1PL: | kost'umə̑nena | ə̑nena kost'umo |
| 2PL: | kost'umə̑neda | ə̑neda kost'umo |
| 3PL: | kost'umə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kost'umo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kost'umə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kost'umə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kost'umə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kost'umə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kost'umə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kost'umo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kost'umə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kost'umo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kost'umə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kost'umo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kost'umə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kost'umo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kost'umə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kost'umo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kost'umə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kost'umo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kost'umaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kost'umə̑man |
| Active participle: | kost'umə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kost'umə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kost'umə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kost'umə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kost'umen |
| Negative gerund: | kost'umə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kost'umə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kost'umə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kost'umə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kost'umə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kost'umə̑də̑maš |
