Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamam | om kotama |
| 2SG: | kotamat | ot kotama |
| 3SG: | kotamaš | ok/ogeš kotama |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kotama |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kotama |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑t | ogə̑t kotama |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamaə̑m | šə̑m kotama |
| 2SG: | kotamaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kotama |
| 3SG: | kotamaje | ə̑š kotama |
| 1PL: | kotamana | ə̑šna kotama |
| 2PL: | kotamada | ə̑šda kotama |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑č́ | ə̑št kotama |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamaə̑nam | kotamaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kotamaə̑nat | kotamaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kotamaə̑n | kotamaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑nna | kotamaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑nda | kotamaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑nə̑t | kotamaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamam ə̑l'e | om kotama ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kotamat ə̑l'e | ot kotama ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kotamaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kotama ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kotama ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kotama ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kotama ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamam ulmaš | om kotama ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kotamat ulmaš | ot kotama ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kotamaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kotama ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kotama ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kotama ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kotama ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kotamaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kotamaə̑n ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kotamaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamaə̑nam ulmaš | kotamaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kotamaə̑nat ulmaš | kotamaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kotamaə̑n ulmaš | kotamaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kotamaə̑nna ulmaš | kotamaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kotamaə̑nda ulmaš | kotamaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kotamaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kotamaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kotama | it kotama |
| 3SG: | kotamaže | ə̑nže kotama |
| 1PL: | (kotamaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kotama) |
| 2PL: | kotamaza | ida kotama |
| 3PL: | kotamašt | ə̑nə̑št kotama |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamanem | ə̑nem kotama |
| 2SG: | kotamanet | ə̑net kotama |
| 3SG: | kotamaneže | ə̑než kotama |
| 1PL: | kotamanena | ə̑nena kotama |
| 2PL: | kotamaneda | ə̑neda kotama |
| 3PL: | kotamanešt | ə̑nešt kotama |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kotamanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kotama ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kotamanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kotama ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kotamaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kotama ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kotamanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kotama ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kotamaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kotama ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kotamanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kotama ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kotamanet ulmaš | ə̑net kotama ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kotamaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kotama ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kotamaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kotama ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kotamanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kotama ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kotamaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kotamaman |
| Active participle: | kotamaše |
| Passive participle: | kotamame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kotamašaš |
| Negative participle: | kotamadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kotamaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kotamade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kotamamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kotamameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kotamašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kotamamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kotamadə̑maš |
