Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapam | om kulap |
| 2SG: | kulapat | ot kulap |
| 3SG: | kulapeš | ok/ogeš kulap |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kulap |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kulap |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑t | ogə̑t kulap |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapə̑m | šə̑m kulap |
| 2SG: | kulapə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kulap |
| 3SG: | kulape | ə̑š kulap |
| 1PL: | kulapna | ə̑šna kulap |
| 2PL: | kulapda | ə̑šda kulap |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑č́ | ə̑št kulap |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapə̑nam | kulapə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kulapə̑nat | kulapə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kulapə̑n | kulapə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑nna | kulapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑nda | kulapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑nə̑t | kulapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapam ə̑l'e | om kulap ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kulapat ə̑l'e | ot kulap ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kulapeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kulap ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kulap ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kulap ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kulap ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapam ulmaš | om kulap ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kulapat ulmaš | ot kulap ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kulapeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kulap ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kulap ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kulap ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kulap ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapə̑nam ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kulapə̑nat ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kulapə̑n ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑nna ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑nda ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kulapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapə̑nam ulmaš | kulapə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kulapə̑nat ulmaš | kulapə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kulapə̑n ulmaš | kulapə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kulapə̑nna ulmaš | kulapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kulapə̑nda ulmaš | kulapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kulapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kulap | it kulap |
| 3SG: | kulapše | ə̑nže kulap |
| 1PL: | (kulapə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kulap) |
| 2PL: | kulapsa | ida kulap |
| 3PL: | kulapə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kulap |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapnem | ə̑nem kulap |
| 2SG: | kulapnet | ə̑net kulap |
| 3SG: | kulapneže | ə̑než kulap |
| 1PL: | kulapnena | ə̑nena kulap |
| 2PL: | kulapneda | ə̑neda kulap |
| 3PL: | kulapnešt | ə̑nešt kulap |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kulapnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kulap ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kulapnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kulap ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kulapneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kulap ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kulapnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kulap ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kulapneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kulap ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kulapnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kulap ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kulapnet ulmaš | ə̑net kulap ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kulapneže ulmaš | ə̑než kulap ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kulapneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kulap ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kulapnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kulap ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kulapaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kulapman |
| Active participle: | kulapše |
| Passive participle: | kulapme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kulapšaš |
| Negative participle: | kulapdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kulapə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kulapde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kulapmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kulapmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kulapšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kulapmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kulapdə̑maš |
