Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikam | om kupkik |
| 2SG: | kupkikat | ot kupkik |
| 3SG: | kupkikeš | ok/ogeš kupkik |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kupkik |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kupkik |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑t | ogə̑t kupkik |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikə̑m | šə̑m kupkik |
| 2SG: | kupkikə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kupkik |
| 3SG: | kupkike | ə̑š kupkik |
| 1PL: | kupkikna | ə̑šna kupkik |
| 2PL: | kupkikda | ə̑šda kupkik |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑č́ | ə̑št kupkik |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikə̑nam | kupkikə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kupkikə̑nat | kupkikə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kupkikə̑n | kupkikə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑nna | kupkikə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑nda | kupkikə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑nə̑t | kupkikə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikam ə̑l'e | om kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kupkikat ə̑l'e | ot kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kupkikeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kupkik ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikam ulmaš | om kupkik ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kupkikat ulmaš | ot kupkik ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kupkikeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kupkik ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kupkik ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kupkik ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kupkik ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikə̑nam ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kupkikə̑nat ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kupkikə̑n ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑nna ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑nda ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kupkikə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkikə̑nam ulmaš | kupkikə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kupkikə̑nat ulmaš | kupkikə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kupkikə̑n ulmaš | kupkikə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kupkikə̑nna ulmaš | kupkikə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kupkikə̑nda ulmaš | kupkikə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kupkikə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kupkik | it kupkik |
| 3SG: | kupkikše | ə̑nže kupkik |
| 1PL: | (kupkikə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kupkik) |
| 2PL: | kupkiksa | ida kupkik |
| 3PL: | kupkikə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kupkik |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkiknem | ə̑nem kupkik |
| 2SG: | kupkiknet | ə̑net kupkik |
| 3SG: | kupkikneže | ə̑než kupkik |
| 1PL: | kupkiknena | ə̑nena kupkik |
| 2PL: | kupkikneda | ə̑neda kupkik |
| 3PL: | kupkiknešt | ə̑nešt kupkik |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kupkiknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kupkiknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kupkikneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kupkiknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kupkikneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kupkik ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kupkiknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kupkik ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kupkiknet ulmaš | ə̑net kupkik ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kupkikneže ulmaš | ə̑než kupkik ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kupkikneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kupkik ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kupkiknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kupkik ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kupkikaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kupkikman |
| Active participle: | kupkikše |
| Passive participle: | kupkikme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kupkikšaš |
| Negative participle: | kupkikdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kupkikə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kupkikde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kupkikmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kupkikmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kupkikšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kupkikmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kupkikdə̑maš |
