Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagam | om kuptaga |
| 2SG: | kuptagat | ot kuptaga |
| 3SG: | kuptagaš | ok/ogeš kuptaga |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kuptaga |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kuptaga |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑t | ogə̑t kuptaga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagaə̑m | šə̑m kuptaga |
| 2SG: | kuptagaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kuptaga |
| 3SG: | kuptagaje | ə̑š kuptaga |
| 1PL: | kuptagana | ə̑šna kuptaga |
| 2PL: | kuptagada | ə̑šda kuptaga |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑č́ | ə̑št kuptaga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagaə̑nam | kuptagaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuptagaə̑nat | kuptagaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuptagaə̑n | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑nna | kuptagaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑nda | kuptagaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑nə̑t | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagam ə̑l'e | om kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuptagat ə̑l'e | ot kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuptagaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kuptaga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagam ulmaš | om kuptaga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuptagat ulmaš | ot kuptaga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuptagaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kuptaga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kuptaga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kuptaga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kuptaga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuptagaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuptagaə̑n ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptagaə̑nam ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuptagaə̑nat ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuptagaə̑n ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuptagaə̑nna ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuptagaə̑nda ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuptagaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kuptagaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuptaga | it kuptaga |
| 3SG: | kuptagaže | ə̑nže kuptaga |
| 1PL: | (kuptagaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kuptaga) |
| 2PL: | kuptagaza | ida kuptaga |
| 3PL: | kuptagašt | ə̑nə̑št kuptaga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptaganem | ə̑nem kuptaga |
| 2SG: | kuptaganet | ə̑net kuptaga |
| 3SG: | kuptaganeže | ə̑než kuptaga |
| 1PL: | kuptaganena | ə̑nena kuptaga |
| 2PL: | kuptaganeda | ə̑neda kuptaga |
| 3PL: | kuptaganešt | ə̑nešt kuptaga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kuptaganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuptaganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuptaganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuptaganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuptaganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kuptaga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuptaganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kuptaga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuptaganet ulmaš | ə̑net kuptaga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuptaganeže ulmaš | ə̑než kuptaga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuptaganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda kuptaga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuptaganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kuptaga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuptagaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuptagaman |
| Active participle: | kuptagaše |
| Passive participle: | kuptagame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuptagašaš |
| Negative participle: | kuptagadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuptagaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kuptagade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kuptagamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kuptagameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuptagašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kuptagamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kuptagadə̑maš |
