Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanam | om kušman |
| 2SG: | kušmanat | ot kušman |
| 3SG: | kušmaneš | ok/ogeš kušman |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kušman |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kušman |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑t | ogə̑t kušman |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmańə̑m | šə̑m kušman |
| 2SG: | kušmańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kušman |
| 3SG: | kušmańe | ə̑š kušman |
| 1PL: | kušmanna | ə̑šna kušman |
| 2PL: | kušmanda | ə̑šda kušman |
| 3PL: | kušmańə̑č́ | ə̑št kušman |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanə̑nam | kušmanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kušmanə̑nat | kušmanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kušmanə̑n | kušmanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑nna | kušmanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑nda | kušmanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑nə̑t | kušmanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanam ə̑l'e | om kušman ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kušmanat ə̑l'e | ot kušman ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kušmaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kušman ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kušman ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kušman ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kušman ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanam ulmaš | om kušman ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kušmanat ulmaš | ot kušman ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kušmaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kušman ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kušman ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kušman ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kušman ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanə̑nam ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kušmanə̑nat ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kušmanə̑n ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑nna ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑nda ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kušmanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmanə̑nam ulmaš | kušmanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kušmanə̑nat ulmaš | kušmanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kušmanə̑n ulmaš | kušmanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kušmanə̑nna ulmaš | kušmanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kušmanə̑nda ulmaš | kušmanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kušmanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kušman | it kušman |
| 3SG: | kušmanže | ə̑nže kušman |
| 1PL: | (kušmanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kušman) |
| 2PL: | kušmanza | ida kušman |
| 3PL: | kušmanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kušman |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmannem | ə̑nem kušman |
| 2SG: | kušmannet | ə̑net kušman |
| 3SG: | kušmanneže | ə̑než kušman |
| 1PL: | kušmannena | ə̑nena kušman |
| 2PL: | kušmanneda | ə̑neda kušman |
| 3PL: | kušmannešt | ə̑nešt kušman |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kušmannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kušman ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kušmannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kušman ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kušmanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kušman ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kušmannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kušman ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kušmanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kušman ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kušmannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kušman ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kušmannet ulmaš | ə̑net kušman ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kušmanneže ulmaš | ə̑než kušman ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kušmanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kušman ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kušmannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kušman ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kušmanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kušmanman |
| Active participle: | kušmanše |
| Passive participle: | kušmanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kušmanšaš |
| Negative participle: | kušmandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kušmanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kušmande |
| Gerund of prior action: | kušmanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kušmanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kušmanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kušmanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kušmandə̑maš |
