Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudem | om kə̑lgudo |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudet | ot kə̑lgudo |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguda | ok/ogeš kə̑lgudo |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudena | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lgudo |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudeda | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lgudo |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudat | ogə̑t kə̑lgudo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kə̑lgudo |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑lgudo |
| 3SG: | kə̑lgudə̑š | ə̑š kə̑lgudo |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudə̑šna | ə̑šna kə̑lgudo |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudə̑šda | ə̑šda kə̑lgudo |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudə̑št | ə̑št kə̑lgudo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudenam | kə̑lguden omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudenat | kə̑lguden otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguden | kə̑lguden ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudenna | kə̑lguden onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudenda | kə̑lguden odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudenə̑t | kə̑lguden ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudem ə̑l'e | om kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudet ə̑l'e | ot kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguda ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudem ulmaš | om kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudet ulmaš | ot kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguda ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudat ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudenam ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudenat ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguden ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudenna ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudenda ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lguden ə̑l'e | kə̑lguden ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudenam ulmaš | kə̑lguden omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudenat ulmaš | kə̑lguden otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lguden ulmaš | kə̑lguden ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudenna ulmaš | kə̑lguden onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudenda ulmaš | kə̑lguden odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lguden ulmaš | kə̑lguden ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudo | it kə̑lgudo |
| 3SG: | kə̑lgudə̑žo | ə̑nže kə̑lgudo |
| 1PL: | (kə̑lgudena) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑lgudo) |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudə̑za | ida kə̑lgudo |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑lgudo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudə̑nem | ə̑nem kə̑lgudo |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudə̑net | ə̑net kə̑lgudo |
| 3SG: | kə̑lgudə̑neže | ə̑než kə̑lgudo |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudə̑nena | ə̑nena kə̑lgudo |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudə̑neda | ə̑neda kə̑lgudo |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kə̑lgudo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑lgudə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑lgudə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑lgudə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑lgudo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑lgudə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑lgudə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑lgudə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑lgudə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑lgudo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑lgudaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑lgudə̑man |
| Active participle: | kə̑lgudə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kə̑lgudə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑lgudə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑lgudə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑lguden |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑lgudə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑lgudə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑lgudə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑lgudə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑lgudə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑lgudə̑də̑maš |
