Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmemom kə̑raltme
2SG:kə̑raltmetot kə̑raltme
3SG:kə̑raltmaok/ogeš kə̑raltme
1PL:kə̑raltmenaona/ogə̑na kə̑raltme
2PL:kə̑raltmedaoda/ogə̑da kə̑raltme
3PL:kə̑raltmatogə̑t kə̑raltme

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmə̑šə̑mšə̑m kə̑raltme
2SG:kə̑raltmə̑šə̑č́šə̑č́ kə̑raltme
3SG:kə̑raltmə̑šə̑š kə̑raltme
1PL:kə̑raltmə̑šnaə̑šna kə̑raltme
2PL:kə̑raltmə̑šdaə̑šda kə̑raltme
3PL:kə̑raltmə̑štə̑št kə̑raltme

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmenamkə̑raltmen omə̑l
2SG:kə̑raltmenatkə̑raltmen otə̑l
3SG:kə̑raltmenkə̑raltmen ogə̑l
1PL:kə̑raltmennakə̑raltmen onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:kə̑raltmendakə̑raltmen odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:kə̑raltmenə̑tkə̑raltmen ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmem ə̑l'eom kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
2SG:kə̑raltmet ə̑l'eot kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
3SG:kə̑raltma ə̑l'eok/ogeš kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
1PL:kə̑raltmena ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
2PL:kə̑raltmeda ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
3PL:kə̑raltmat ə̑l'eogə̑t kə̑raltme ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmem ulmašom kə̑raltme ulmaš
2SG:kə̑raltmet ulmašot kə̑raltme ulmaš
3SG:kə̑raltma ulmašok/ogeš kə̑raltme ulmaš
1PL:kə̑raltmena ulmašona/ogə̑na kə̑raltme ulmaš
2PL:kə̑raltmeda ulmašoda/ogə̑da kə̑raltme ulmaš
3PL:kə̑raltmat ulmašogə̑t kə̑raltme ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmenam ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:kə̑raltmenat ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:kə̑raltmen ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:kə̑raltmenna ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:kə̑raltmenda ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:kə̑raltmen ə̑l'ekə̑raltmen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmenam ulmaškə̑raltmen omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:kə̑raltmenat ulmaškə̑raltmen otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:kə̑raltmen ulmaškə̑raltmen ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:kə̑raltmenna ulmaškə̑raltmen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:kə̑raltmenda ulmaškə̑raltmen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:kə̑raltmen ulmaškə̑raltmen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:kə̑raltmeit kə̑raltme
3SG:kə̑raltmə̑žeə̑nže kə̑raltme
1PL:(kə̑raltmena)(ona/ogə̑na kə̑raltme)
2PL:kə̑raltmə̑zaida kə̑raltme
3PL:kə̑raltmə̑štə̑nə̑št kə̑raltme

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmə̑nemə̑nem kə̑raltme
2SG:kə̑raltmə̑netə̑net kə̑raltme
3SG:kə̑raltmə̑nežeə̑než kə̑raltme
1PL:kə̑raltmə̑nenaə̑nena kə̑raltme
2PL:kə̑raltmə̑nedaə̑neda kə̑raltme
3PL:kə̑raltmə̑neštə̑nešt kə̑raltme

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:kə̑raltmə̑nem ə̑l'eə̑nem kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
2SG:kə̑raltmə̑nena ə̑l'eə̑net kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
3SG:kə̑raltmə̑neže ə̑l'eə̑než kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
1PL:kə̑raltmə̑nena ə̑l'eə̑nena kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
2PL:kə̑raltmə̑neda ə̑l'eə̑neda kə̑raltme ə̑l'e
3PL:kə̑raltmə̑nešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt kə̑raltme ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:kə̑raltmə̑net ulmašə̑net kə̑raltme ulmaš
3SG:kə̑raltmə̑neže ulmašə̑než kə̑raltme ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:kə̑raltmə̑neda ulmašə̑neda kə̑raltme ulmaš
3PL:kə̑raltmə̑nešt ulmašə̑nešt kə̑raltme ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:kə̑raltmaš
Necessitive infinitive:kə̑raltmə̑man
Active participle:kə̑raltmə̑še
Passive participle:kə̑raltmə̑me
Future-necessitive participle:kə̑raltmə̑šaš
Negative participle:kə̑raltmə̑də̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:kə̑raltmen
Negative gerund:kə̑raltmə̑de
Gerund of prior action:kə̑raltmə̑mek(e)
Gerund of future action:kə̑raltmə̑meš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:kə̑raltmə̑šə̑la
Nominalization:kə̑raltmə̑maš
Negative nominalization:kə̑raltmə̑də̑maš


Last update: 10 August 2023