Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šam | om kə̑ša |
| 2SG: | kə̑šat | ot kə̑ša |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaš | ok/ogeš kə̑ša |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑ša |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑ša |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑ša |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaə̑m | šə̑m kə̑ša |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑ša |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaje | ə̑š kə̑ša |
| 1PL: | kə̑šana | ə̑šna kə̑ša |
| 2PL: | kə̑šada | ə̑šda kə̑ša |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑ša |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaə̑nam | kə̑šaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaə̑nat | kə̑šaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaə̑n | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑nna | kə̑šaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑nda | kə̑šaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑nə̑t | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šam ə̑l'e | om kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šam ulmaš | om kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑šat ulmaš | ot kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑ša ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaə̑n ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑šaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑ša | it kə̑ša |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaže | ə̑nže kə̑ša |
| 1PL: | (kə̑šaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑ša) |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaza | ida kə̑ša |
| 3PL: | kə̑šašt | ə̑nə̑št kə̑ša |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šanem | ə̑nem kə̑ša |
| 2SG: | kə̑šanet | ə̑net kə̑ša |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaneže | ə̑než kə̑ša |
| 1PL: | kə̑šanena | ə̑nena kə̑ša |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaneda | ə̑neda kə̑ša |
| 3PL: | kə̑šanešt | ə̑nešt kə̑ša |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑ša ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑šanet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑ša ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑ša ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑šaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑šaman |
| Active participle: | kə̑šaše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑šame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑šašaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑šadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑šaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑šade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑šamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑šameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑šašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑šamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑šadə̑maš |
