Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakam | om kösmak |
| 2SG: | kösmakat | ot kösmak |
| 3SG: | kösmakeš | ok/ogeš kösmak |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kösmak |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kösmak |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑t | ogə̑t kösmak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakə̑m | šə̑m kösmak |
| 2SG: | kösmakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kösmak |
| 3SG: | kösmake | ə̑š kösmak |
| 1PL: | kösmakna | ə̑šna kösmak |
| 2PL: | kösmakda | ə̑šda kösmak |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑č́ | ə̑št kösmak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakə̑nam | kösmakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kösmakə̑nat | kösmakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kösmakə̑n | kösmakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑nna | kösmakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑nda | kösmakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑nə̑t | kösmakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakam ə̑l'e | om kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kösmakat ə̑l'e | ot kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kösmakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kösmak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakam ulmaš | om kösmak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kösmakat ulmaš | ot kösmak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kösmakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kösmak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kösmak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kösmak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kösmak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakə̑nam ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kösmakə̑nat ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kösmakə̑n ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑nna ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑nda ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kösmakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmakə̑nam ulmaš | kösmakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kösmakə̑nat ulmaš | kösmakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kösmakə̑n ulmaš | kösmakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kösmakə̑nna ulmaš | kösmakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kösmakə̑nda ulmaš | kösmakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kösmakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kösmak | it kösmak |
| 3SG: | kösmakše | ə̑nže kösmak |
| 1PL: | (kösmakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kösmak) |
| 2PL: | kösmaksa | ida kösmak |
| 3PL: | kösmakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kösmak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmaknem | ə̑nem kösmak |
| 2SG: | kösmaknet | ə̑net kösmak |
| 3SG: | kösmakneže | ə̑než kösmak |
| 1PL: | kösmaknena | ə̑nena kösmak |
| 2PL: | kösmakneda | ə̑neda kösmak |
| 3PL: | kösmaknešt | ə̑nešt kösmak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kösmaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kösmaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kösmakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kösmaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kösmakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kösmak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kösmaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kösmak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kösmaknet ulmaš | ə̑net kösmak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kösmakneže ulmaš | ə̑než kösmak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kösmakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kösmak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kösmaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kösmak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kösmakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kösmakman |
| Active participle: | kösmakše |
| Passive participle: | kösmakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kösmakšaš |
| Negative participle: | kösmakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kösmakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kösmakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kösmakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kösmakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kösmakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kösmakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kösmakdə̑maš |
