Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakam | om laptak |
| 2SG: | laptakat | ot laptak |
| 3SG: | laptakeš | ok/ogeš laptak |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na laptak |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da laptak |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑t | ogə̑t laptak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakə̑m | šə̑m laptak |
| 2SG: | laptakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ laptak |
| 3SG: | laptake | ə̑š laptak |
| 1PL: | laptakna | ə̑šna laptak |
| 2PL: | laptakda | ə̑šda laptak |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑č́ | ə̑št laptak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakə̑nam | laptakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | laptakə̑nat | laptakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | laptakə̑n | laptakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑nna | laptakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑nda | laptakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑nə̑t | laptakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakam ə̑l'e | om laptak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | laptakat ə̑l'e | ot laptak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | laptakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš laptak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na laptak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da laptak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t laptak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakam ulmaš | om laptak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | laptakat ulmaš | ot laptak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | laptakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš laptak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na laptak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da laptak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t laptak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakə̑nam ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | laptakə̑nat ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | laptakə̑n ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑nna ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑nda ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | laptakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptakə̑nam ulmaš | laptakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | laptakə̑nat ulmaš | laptakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | laptakə̑n ulmaš | laptakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | laptakə̑nna ulmaš | laptakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | laptakə̑nda ulmaš | laptakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | laptakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | laptak | it laptak |
| 3SG: | laptakše | ə̑nže laptak |
| 1PL: | (laptakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na laptak) |
| 2PL: | laptaksa | ida laptak |
| 3PL: | laptakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št laptak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptaknem | ə̑nem laptak |
| 2SG: | laptaknet | ə̑net laptak |
| 3SG: | laptakneže | ə̑než laptak |
| 1PL: | laptaknena | ə̑nena laptak |
| 2PL: | laptakneda | ə̑neda laptak |
| 3PL: | laptaknešt | ə̑nešt laptak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | laptaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem laptak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | laptaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net laptak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | laptakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než laptak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | laptaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena laptak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | laptakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda laptak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | laptaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt laptak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | laptaknet ulmaš | ə̑net laptak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | laptakneže ulmaš | ə̑než laptak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | laptakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda laptak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | laptaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt laptak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | laptakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | laptakman |
| Active participle: | laptakše |
| Passive participle: | laptakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | laptakšaš |
| Negative participle: | laptakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | laptakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | laptakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | laptakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | laptakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | laptakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | laptakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | laptakdə̑maš |
