Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pamom l'ə̑p
2SG:l'ə̑patot l'ə̑p
3SG:l'ə̑pešok/ogeš l'ə̑p
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑naona/ogə̑na l'ə̑p
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑daoda/ogə̑da l'ə̑p
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑togə̑t l'ə̑p

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pə̑mšə̑m l'ə̑p
2SG:l'ə̑pə̑č́šə̑č́ l'ə̑p
3SG:l'ə̑peə̑š l'ə̑p
1PL:l'ə̑pnaə̑šna l'ə̑p
2PL:l'ə̑pdaə̑šda l'ə̑p
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑č́ə̑št l'ə̑p

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pə̑naml'ə̑pə̑n omə̑l
2SG:l'ə̑pə̑natl'ə̑pə̑n otə̑l
3SG:l'ə̑pə̑nl'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑l
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑nnal'ə̑pə̑n onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑ndal'ə̑pə̑n odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑nə̑tl'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pam ə̑l'eom l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
2SG:l'ə̑pat ə̑l'eot l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
3SG:l'ə̑peš ə̑l'eok/ogeš l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑na ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑da ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑t ə̑l'eogə̑t l'ə̑p ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pam ulmašom l'ə̑p ulmaš
2SG:l'ə̑pat ulmašot l'ə̑p ulmaš
3SG:l'ə̑peš ulmašok/ogeš l'ə̑p ulmaš
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑na ulmašona/ogə̑na l'ə̑p ulmaš
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑da ulmašoda/ogə̑da l'ə̑p ulmaš
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑t ulmašogə̑t l'ə̑p ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pə̑nam ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:l'ə̑pə̑nat ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:l'ə̑pə̑n ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑nna ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑nda ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑nə̑t ə̑l'el'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pə̑nam ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:l'ə̑pə̑nat ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:l'ə̑pə̑n ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:l'ə̑pə̑nna ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:l'ə̑pə̑nda ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑nə̑t ulmašl'ə̑pə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:l'ə̑pit l'ə̑p
3SG:l'ə̑pšeə̑nže l'ə̑p
1PL:(l'ə̑pə̑na)(ona/ogə̑na l'ə̑p)
2PL:l'ə̑psaida l'ə̑p
3PL:l'ə̑pə̑štə̑nə̑št l'ə̑p

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pnemə̑nem l'ə̑p
2SG:l'ə̑pnetə̑net l'ə̑p
3SG:l'ə̑pnežeə̑než l'ə̑p
1PL:l'ə̑pnenaə̑nena l'ə̑p
2PL:l'ə̑pnedaə̑neda l'ə̑p
3PL:l'ə̑pneštə̑nešt l'ə̑p

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'ə̑pnem ə̑l'eə̑nem l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
2SG:l'ə̑pnena ə̑l'eə̑net l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
3SG:l'ə̑pneže ə̑l'eə̑než l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
1PL:l'ə̑pnena ə̑l'eə̑nena l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
2PL:l'ə̑pneda ə̑l'eə̑neda l'ə̑p ə̑l'e
3PL:l'ə̑pnešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt l'ə̑p ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:l'ə̑pnet ulmašə̑net l'ə̑p ulmaš
3SG:l'ə̑pneže ulmašə̑než l'ə̑p ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:l'ə̑pneda ulmašə̑neda l'ə̑p ulmaš
3PL:l'ə̑pnešt ulmašə̑nešt l'ə̑p ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:l'ə̑paš
Necessitive infinitive:l'ə̑pman
Active participle:l'ə̑pše
Passive participle:l'ə̑pme
Future-necessitive participle:l'ə̑pšaš
Negative participle:l'ə̑pdə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:l'ə̑pə̑n
Negative gerund:l'ə̑pde
Gerund of prior action:l'ə̑pmek(e)
Gerund of future action:l'ə̑pmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:l'ə̑pšə̑la
Nominalization:l'ə̑pmaš
Negative nominalization:l'ə̑pdə̑maš


Last update: 10 August 2023