Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiam | om penal'ti |
| 2SG: | penal'tiat | ot penal'ti |
| 3SG: | penal'tieš | ok/ogeš penal'ti |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑na | ona/ogə̑na penal'ti |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑da | oda/ogə̑da penal'ti |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑t | ogə̑t penal'ti |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiə̑m | šə̑m penal'ti |
| 2SG: | penal'tiə̑č́ | šə̑č́ penal'ti |
| 3SG: | penal'tije | ə̑š penal'ti |
| 1PL: | penal'tina | ə̑šna penal'ti |
| 2PL: | penal'tida | ə̑šda penal'ti |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑č́ | ə̑št penal'ti |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiə̑nam | penal'tiə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | penal'tiə̑nat | penal'tiə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | penal'tiə̑n | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑nna | penal'tiə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑nda | penal'tiə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑nə̑t | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiam ə̑l'e | om penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | penal'tiat ə̑l'e | ot penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | penal'tieš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t penal'ti ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiam ulmaš | om penal'ti ulmaš |
| 2SG: | penal'tiat ulmaš | ot penal'ti ulmaš |
| 3SG: | penal'tieš ulmaš | ok/ogeš penal'ti ulmaš |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na penal'ti ulmaš |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da penal'ti ulmaš |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t penal'ti ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiə̑nam ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | penal'tiə̑nat ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | penal'tiə̑n ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑nna ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑nda ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tiə̑nam ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | penal'tiə̑nat ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | penal'tiə̑n ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | penal'tiə̑nna ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | penal'tiə̑nda ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | penal'tiə̑nə̑t ulmaš | penal'tiə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | penal'ti | it penal'ti |
| 3SG: | penal'tiže | ə̑nže penal'ti |
| 1PL: | (penal'tiə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na penal'ti) |
| 2PL: | penal'tiza | ida penal'ti |
| 3PL: | penal'tišt | ə̑nə̑št penal'ti |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tinem | ə̑nem penal'ti |
| 2SG: | penal'tinet | ə̑net penal'ti |
| 3SG: | penal'tineže | ə̑než penal'ti |
| 1PL: | penal'tinena | ə̑nena penal'ti |
| 2PL: | penal'tineda | ə̑neda penal'ti |
| 3PL: | penal'tinešt | ə̑nešt penal'ti |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | penal'tinem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | penal'tinena ə̑l'e | ə̑net penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | penal'tineže ə̑l'e | ə̑než penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | penal'tinena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | penal'tineda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda penal'ti ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | penal'tinešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt penal'ti ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | penal'tinet ulmaš | ə̑net penal'ti ulmaš |
| 3SG: | penal'tineže ulmaš | ə̑než penal'ti ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | penal'tineda ulmaš | ə̑neda penal'ti ulmaš |
| 3PL: | penal'tinešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt penal'ti ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | penal'tiaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | penal'timan |
| Active participle: | penal'tiše |
| Passive participle: | penal'time |
| Future-necessitive participle: | penal'tišaš |
| Negative participle: | penal'tidə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | penal'tiə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | penal'tide |
| Gerund of prior action: | penal'timek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | penal'timeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | penal'tišə̑la |
| Nominalization: | penal'timaš |
| Negative nominalization: | penal'tidə̑maš |
