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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | punaŋmaʃ |
| Genitive: | punaŋmaʃən |
| Dative: | punaŋmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | punaŋmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | punaŋmaʃla |
| Comitative: | punaŋmaʃge |
| Inessive: | punaŋmaʃte, punaŋmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | punaŋmaʃke, punaŋmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punaŋmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | punaŋmaʃem |
| 2SG: | punaŋmaʃet |
| 3SG: | punaŋmaʃːe, punaŋmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | punaŋmaʃna |
| 2PL: | punaŋmaʃda |
| 3PL: | punaŋmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | punaŋmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | punaŋmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | punaŋmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | punaŋmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | punaŋmaʃem | punaŋmaʃ-βlak | punaŋmaʃ-βlakem, punaŋmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | punaŋmaʃemən | punaŋmaʃ-βlakən | punaŋmaʃ-βlakemən, punaŋmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | punaŋmaʃemlan, punaŋmaʃlanem | punaŋmaʃ-βlaklan | punaŋmaʃ-βlakemlan, punaŋmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | punaŋmaʃeməm | punaŋmaʃ-βlakəm | punaŋmaʃ-βlakeməm, punaŋmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | punaŋmaʃemla, punaŋmaʃlam | punaŋmaʃ-βlakla | punaŋmaʃ-βlakemla, punaŋmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | punaŋmaʃemge | punaŋmaʃ-βlakge | punaŋmaʃ-βlakemge, punaŋmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | punaŋmaʃtem, punaŋmaʃəʃtem | punaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃte | punaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, punaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | punaŋmaʃkem, punaŋmaʃəʃkem | punaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | punaŋmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, punaŋmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | punaŋmaʃeʃem | punaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃ | punaŋmaʃ-βlakeʃem, punaŋmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||